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Unit 3 chapter 4

Terms in this set (53)

Acculturation
The adaption by an ethnic group of enough of the ways of the host society to function economically and socially
Assimilation
Process- people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech particularities, or mannerisms, when they come in contact with another society or culture. Often used to describe immigration adaption to new places of residence
Cultural adaptation
The positive reaction where by the foreigner readily accepts the new culture as part of his life and practice
Cultural core/ periphery pattern
The core- periphery idea is that the core houses main economic power of region and the outlying region or periphery houses lesser economic ties
Cultural ecology
The multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment
Cultural identity
Ones belief in belonging to a group or certain cultural aspect. You can "identify with" a group or "identify against" a group (what you are, or what you are not)
Cultural landscape
The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape. The layers of buildings forms and artifacts sequentially imprinted on the landscape by the activities of various human occupation
Cultural realm
A collective of cultural regions sharing related culture systems: a major world area having sufficient distinctiveness to be perceived as a set apart from other realms in terms of cultural characteristics and complexes
Culture
The sum total of the knowledge attitude and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of society. This is anthropologist Ralph Linton's definition: hundreds of others exist
Innovation adoption
Study of how why and at what rate new technology spreads throughout a culture
Neolocalism
The seeking out of the regional culture and reinvigoration of it in response to the uncertainty of the modern world
Authenticity
In context of local cultures/customs the accuracy with which a single stereotypical or typecast image or experience conveys an otherwise dynamic and complex local culture or it's customs
Placelessness
Defined by geographer Edward Relph as the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscapes so that one place looks like the next
Glocalization
The process by which people in a local place mediate and alter regional national and global processes
Commodification
The process through which something is given monetary value. Occurs when a good or idea that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought and sold is turned into something that has a particular price and that is traded in a market economy
Adaptive strategies
The unique way in which each culture uses its particular physical environment: those aspects of culture that serve to provide the necessities of life - food clothing shelter and defense
Anglo - American landscape characteristics
Distinguished by a set of cultural traits like language, beliefs, customs, norms of behavior, social institutions, way of life, artifacts, etc.
Architectural form
The look of housing, affected by the available materials, environment the houses are in, and the popular culture of the time
Built environment
The part of the physical landscape the represents material culture, including buildings roads bridges and more
Folk culture
Cultural traits, such as dress modes, dwelling, traditions, and institutions of usually small, traditional communities
Folk food
Food that is traditionally made by the common people of the region and forms part of their culture
Folk House
Types of houses in the area - shows environment, availability of resources, aesthetic values, uniqueness of place, cultural heritage
Folk songs
Composed anonymously and transmitted orally, derived from events and daily life that are familiar to the majority of the people, songs tell a story or convey information
Folklore
Unwritten literature (stories and proverbs and riddles and songs of a culture)
Material culture
The housing, clothing, sports( sticks), dances, foods, and other similar items constructed or created by a group of people
Non material culture
Beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people
Popular culture
Dynamic culture that has been diffused to and excepted by a large number of people and societies. (Constantly changing)
Survey systems
Step of the system analysis to further define the nature and scope of the project and identify the strengths/ weaknesses of a company's operating procedures and the current computer system
Traditional architecture
Traditional building styles of different cultures, religions, and places
Node
A geographic center of activity
Core
The zone of greatest concentration or homogeneity of the culture traits that characterize the region
Periphery
But outermost part or region within a precise boundary
Maladaptive diffusion
Diffusion in which image takes precedence over practicality i.e.ranch-style house
Cultural appropriation
Process where other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit
A group that share common beliefs can be recognizes as a culture in one of two ways
1.they call themselves culture
2.other people ,including academics, label them as folk cultures or part of popular culture
How does popular culture diffuse
It diffuses hierarchically.it diffuses through transportation, marketing, communication and more
Custom
Practice that a group of people routinely follow.
Local cultures have what two goals to keep themselves unique
Keeping other cultures out, keeping their culture in
Rural local cultures have an easier time doing what
Maintaining culture because migration to rural areas is less frequent and they can separate from popular culture/ other local cultures, and to define their own space
What do urban local cultures create to try to maintain their culture
Ethnic neighborhoods
Popular culture is not diffused with distance decay how is it diffused
Time space compression (David Harvey) - how fast stuff is diffused is linked to how the places are connected with transportation/info
Reterrotorialization
With respect to popular culture, and people with in a place start to produce an aspect of popular culture themselves, doing so in context of their own local culture and making it their own
Convergence of cultural landscapes has three dimensions
1. architect and planning ideas diffuse (skyscrapers)
2. Independent businesses and products become widespread they leave distinctive stamps on far-flung places
3. Borrowing of idealized landscape blurs place uniqueness
What are the main three types of houses in the US
New England, middle Atlantic, Southern Tidewater
How did the three main types of houses spread
They spread from the east parallel to where they started
Value
Standard that guide the way people assess desirability, goodness, and beauty (ex. US bill of rights/ constitution)
Belief
Specific statement people hold to be true (ex US we can do it!)
Behaivor
Actions people take (ex voting)
Norms
Rules and expectation by which society guides behavior (wait in line)
Artifacts
Human creature that reflects values, beliefs, and behaivors
Cultural trait
One attribute of a culture
Cultural complex
Combo of culture traits
Culture systems
When you combine many cultures complexes
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