Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Abeka chemistry test 4

Terms in this set (30)

Enthalpy decreases and Entropy increases for a process to be predicted as spontaneous. Entropy is important for higher temperatures while Enthalpy is important for low temperatures
Essay
Explain chemical evolution in light of entropy and chemical spontaneity.
Specific heat
Heat required to cause a unit to rise in the temperature of 1 gram of a certain substance by 1 degree Celsius
Heat of vaporization
Amount of heat per unit mass required to vaporize a substance at its normal boiling point.
Heat of reaction
Total amount of heat liberated or absorbed between the start to the end of a reaction at the original temperature.
Heat of fusion
Heat per unit mass required to melt a substance at its melting point
Endothermic reaction
Causes energy to be absorbed into the reacting substances and stored in the chemical bonds of the product.
Endothermic reaction
Example for a system's change in heat for Enthalpy
A cup of water evaporating
Example for a system's positive change for Entropy
Standard state is zero
For an Enthalpy change, Enthalpy of formation is when the?
Second Law of Thermodynamics
States that the entropy (disorder) of the universe is always increasing.
Endothermic reaction
Products are usually colder than the reactants because energy has been absorbed.
Potential energy
Energy associated with the position of an object relative to a force upon it.
Endothermic processes
Chemical reactions and physical changes that absorb heat.
Thermodynamics
Study of the flow of energy.
Joule
SI unit of energy
System and surroundings
Portion of the universe, and the sample of matter of the study is what?
Everything else is what?
Exothermic processes
Chemical and physical changes that release heat.
Standard state of Thermodynamics
Any element in this state has an enthalpy of zero; Enthalpy of the "free" element in its normal physical state at 1 ATM and 298 Kelvins.
First Law of Thermodynamics
Practical application of the law of conservation of energy.
When a solid becomes a liquid, and when a liquid becomes a gas.
Example of an increase in Entropy.
The ability to do work
Define energy
Negative change
What kind of internal energy change would a food product produce?
Exothermic reaction
Products are hotter than the reactants because energy is "taken out of storage" and turned into heat.
Entropy
Measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.
Enthalpy
(Pressure and Volume changes)
Internal energy plus pressure and volume.
Heat is released
What best describes what happens when water at 0° Celsius changes to ice at.. 0° Celsius?
Enthalpy
When baking soda reacts with acetic acid, what is this an example of?
Flows from a high to low temperature
Describe the flow of heat
State function
ΔE (internal energy) is a what?
Steam
Which contain more joules of heat energy? Boiling water or steam?
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...