Abnormal Psychology Chapter 11: Alcohol-Related Disorders

Terms in this set (52)

Psychoactive Substances
The most commonly used problem substances; affect mental functioning in CNS
What are the psychoactive substances?
Alcohol, barbiturates, nicotine, tranquilizers, amphetamines, heroin, ecstasy, and marijuana
Substance Abuse
excessive use of a substance resulting in potentially hazardous behavior and continued use despite a persistent social, psychological, occupational, or health problem.
Substance Dependence
Includes more severe forms of substance abuse disorders and usually marked by physiological need for increasing amounts of a substance to achieve desired effects
Symptoms of Dependence Disorder
Tolerance and the experience of withdrawal symptoms
Tolerance
Need for higher amounts; results from biochemical changes in the body that affect the rate of metabolism and elimination of the substance from the body
Withdrawal symptoms
sweating, tremors, and tension
Alcohol Dependence Syndrom
A state that results from taking alcohol that is characterized by response that always include a compulsion to take alcohol on a periodic and continuous basis in order to experience its psychic effects and avoid discomfort of its absence. Tolerance may or may not be present
% of 12 yr (+) Population that is classified with a substance dependence/abuse disorder
8.9%
Binge Drinking
Having 4-5 drinks within 2 hour time period
Heavy Drinking
Associated with 5 episodes of binge drinking within a month
Effects of Heavy Drinking
vulnerability to injury, marital discord, becoming involved in intimate partner violence
Lifespan of Person with alcohol dependence
12 years shorter than normal
Alcohol abuse associated with what % of car accidents
40
Alcohol abuse associated with what % of murders
40-50
Alcohol abuse associated with what % of assaults
40
Alcohol abuse associated with what % of rapes
over 50
Alcohol Use Disorder
a problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress
At least 2 of what characteristics needed to diagnose someone with Alcohol Use Disorder?
1) Larger amounts (tolerance), 2) persistent desire to cut down (but don't), 3) Great time spent on alcohol, 4) craving, 5) recurrent use that leads to failure, 6) Continuation despite health problems, 7) giving up important activities for use, 8) use in hazardous situations, 9) use despite life problems, 10) tolerance, 11) withdrawal
Blackouts
lapses of memory associated with alcohol use
Effects of alcohol on the brain
decline in sexual inhibition but lowered sexual performance; blackouts; hangovers
Effect of low levels of alcohol on the brain
release opium-like opiods in the body; targets pleasure areas
Effect of high levels of alcohol on the brain
Depresses brain functioning, inhibits glutamate (brain's excitatory neurotransmitters) which slow's the activity in parts of the brain.
BAC that leads to passing out
0.5
Lethal BAC
0.55 and above
Progression to Alcohol Dependence
early-->middle-->late stage alcohol-related disorder
Physical Effects of Chronic Alcohol Use
Cirrhosis of liver (irreversible liver damage), reduced appetite for other food, malnutrition, impairment of bodies ability to utilize nutrients, gastrointestinal symptoms (stomach pain)
Psychosocial Effects of Alcohol Abuse/Dependence
Chronic fatigue, oversensitivity, depression, impaired reasoning/judgement/personality, inappropriate behaviors, decreased responsibility, pride, relationships, touchy/irritable, not willing to discuss problem
What can psychosocial effects of alcohol disorders lead to?
Unemployment and interference with relationships
Alcoholic Psychosis
Disorders that can occur due to alcohol use that are associated with confusion, excitement and delirium that are modified by a temporary loss of contact with reality.
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium
disorientation of time/place, vivid hallucinations, acute fear, extreme suggestibility, marked tremors of hands tongue and lips, perspiration, fever, rapid/weak heartbeat, coated tongue, foul breathe.
Duration of Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium
Lasts 3-6 days and is followed by a deep sleep
Persisting Alcohol Disorder/ Alcohol Amnestic Disorder are the same as
Korskoff's Syndrome
Alcohol Amnestic Disorder/Persisting Alcohol Disorder
Most sever alcohol-related disorder that causes memory defect, unconnected/distorted associations, delirious/delusional actions in attempt to fill in memory gaps
Outcome of Alcohol Amnestic Disorder
Planning deficits, intellectual, emotional, and judgment declines; cortical lesions
MCLP pathway
relates to addiction; center of psychoactive drug activation in the brain; allows euphoric release due to alcohol
Alcohol-Risk Personality
an individual who has an inherited predispostion toward alcohol abuse; impulsive; takes risks; emotionally unstable
Psychosocial Causal Factors of Alcohol Disorders
failure in parental guidance; psychological vulnerability (alcohol-risk personality); stress/tension reduction and reinforcement; expectations of social success; marital/relationship
Sociocultural Causal Factors of Alcohol Disorders
Western Civilization=more likely
Prohibited use in Muslims/Mormon/Orthodox-->minimal alcoholism
% of Alcohol Consumption in European and Euro-Influenced Countries
80%
Country with Highest Rate of Alcoholism in the World
France
Brief Motivational Intervention
Attempts to modify client's behavior by information/advice about the consequences of substance use in effort to challenge users abuse; individual is responsible
Medications that block the desire to drink
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Naltrexone
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Causes violent vomitting when followed by ingestion of alcohol; not very effective medication for alcoholism
Naltrexone
opiate antagonist that helps reduce the craving for alcohol
Medications that help reduce the side effects of Acute Withdrawal
Valium; long-lasting benzos (diazapem)
Psychological Treatment of Alcoholism
Group Therapy, Environmental Intervention, Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Opium
mixture of 18 chemical substances called alkaloids
Morphine
alkaloid present in largest amount; bitter
Soldiers Illnesss
addiction to morphine after Civil War after being injected into soldiers
Heroin
morphine converted to this analgesic; even more dangerous
Injection of Morphine/Heroin
smoking, snorting, eating, skin popping(beneath the skin), mainlining(directly to bloodstream)
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