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chapter 21

Terms in this set (87)

acid base balance
Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the four basic functions of the digestive system?

a) decreasing the size of food molecules
b) acid-base balance
c) repelling foreign invaders
d) matching fluid input with output
a pattern of slow contractions sweeping along the GI tract
What is the "migrating motor complex"?

a) a shift of smooth muscle cells from the circular to the oblique layer in the stomach
b) movement, or migration, of food from the mouth into the stomach
c) alternating patterns of electrical activity that stimulate the longitudinal and then the circular layer of smooth muscle throughout the GI tract
d) a pattern of slow contractions sweeping along the GI tract
gastric inhibitory peptide
Which hormone stimulates the release of insulin in response to glucose in the intestinal lumen?

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
cholecystokinin
gastrin
motilin
proteins
In terms of chemical digestion of organic molecules, the stomach primarily digests ________

nucleic acids
proteins
fats
carbohydrates
liver for filtering
Blood draining from the intestines flows directly to the ________.

a) kidneys for filtering
b) liver for filtering
c) heart chambers for rapid systemic re-circulation
d) venous circulation for return to the heart
immunity
In which non-digestive function does the digestive tract play a surprisingly large role?

a) endocrine system
b) regulation of systemic blood pressure
c) detoxification and filtering
d) immunity
bicarbonate produced from CO2
What is the most important extracellular buffer system?

a) lactate and pyruvate
b) bicarbonate produced from CO2
c) hemoglobin and other plasma proteins
d) excretion of H+ and HCO3-
protection and lubrication
Mucus functions in

a) protection and lubrication.
b) lubrication only.
c) protection, lubrication, and enzyme activation.
d) enzyme activation only.
e) protection only.
small intestine
In the body, 80% of all lymphocytes, a type of immune system cell, are thought to be present in the

small intestine.
mouth.
appendix.
stomach.
large intestine.
lymphoid
The largest collection of ________ tissue in the body is the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

lymphoid
epithelial
nervous
muscle
mouth
Chemical digestion of food begins in the ________.

stomach
small intestine
large intestine
mouth
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Which of the following is the sequence of layers from the lumen to the outer wall of the digestive tract?

a) submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa
b) mucosa, submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa
c) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
d) serosa, submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa
e) submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa
duodenum
What is the first area that food contacts as it moves from the stomach to the small intestines?

antrum
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
muscularis mucosae
Contraction of the ________ alters the surface area by moving villi.

submucosa
submucosal plexus
muscularis mucosae
mucosa
adventitia
an increase in surface area
Rugae, plicae, and villi are all features that accomplish

secretion of enzymes.
immune function.
mechanical digestion.
secretion of hormones.
an increase in surface area.
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