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CIS 13 Chapter 5

Terms in this set (94)

System Software
D: Programs, such as the operating system that control the operation of a computer and its devices and that enable the computer to run application software

> Operating system & Utilities
System software (ex)
- Starts and runs the computer (boots)
- Displays desktop
- Launches application
- Manages files (storage)
- Controls hardware configuration
- Protects from unauthorized use
- Backup / recovery
Application software (ex)
- Word processing
- Playing a game
- Preparing taxes
- Surfing the Web
- Listening to our iPod's
- Watching movies
Application Software
D: Programs that enable users to perform specific tasks on a computer, such as writing a letter or playing a game

Programs that allow you to perform SPECIFIC TASKS on a computer
Operating system & utilities
control how a computer works and allow you to use your computer
Operation system
(System Software)
D: The main component of system software that enable a computer to operate, manage its activities and the resources under its control, run application programs, and interface with the user.

- A collection of programs that manage and coordinate the activities taking place within a computer system

- Acts as the intermediary (middleman) between the USER and the COMPUTER

- Stored in the WINDOWS folder

- The software your computer uses to process start-up instructions, interpret and communicate between applications software and devices used, and maintain your system
Functions of an Operating System
- interfacing with users
- Command line vs. graphical user interface (GUI)
- Booting the computer
- Configuring devices
- Managing resources and jobs
- File management
- Security
Booting the computer
(Functions of an Operating System)
- Kernel is loaded into memory
- Processes are started
- msconfig used to control startup of processes
Configuring devices
(Functions of an Operating System)
- Device drivers are often needed
- Plug and Play devices recognized automatically
Device drivers
A program that enables an operating system to communicate with a specific hardware device; often referred to simply as a driver
Managing resources and jobs
(Functions of an Operating System)
- Makes resources available to devices
- Monitors for problems
- Scheduling routines
File management
(Operating System)
- Keeps track of flies stored on computer
- Hierarchical format
Security
- Passwords
- Biometric characteristics
- Firewalls
GUI
(graphical user interface)
- Uses pictures or graphics to identify programs or photos that allow us to easily start programs, change settings and adjust our system for its best performance

- D: A graphically based interface that allows a user to communicate instructions to the computer easily
Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency
The need for speed:
- 3M's
- Memory management
- Buffering and spooling
3M
(Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency
The need for speed)
- Multi-tasking
- Multi-threading
- Multi-processing
Multi-tasking
- The ability of an operating system to have more than one program (task) open at one time
Multi-threading
The ability to rotate between the steps with a task (called threads) so that processing is completed faster and more efficiency
Multi-processing
The ability of the operating system to support Multiple processors (or multiple cores)

- Performs work more efficiently by each core taking a task, or each core splitting up a task
Memory management
(Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency
The need for speed)
- Optimizing the use of main memory (RAM)
>> Virtual memory
Virtual memory
Memory-management technique that uses hard drive space as additional RAM
Buffering and spooling
(Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency
The need for speed)
- Used with printers and other peripheral devices
Buffer
area in RAM or on the hard drive designated to hold input and output on their way in or out of the system

D: An area in RAM or on the hard drive designated hold data that is waiting to be used by the computer
Buffering
The process of placing items in a buffer so the appropriate device can retrieve them when needed; also called SPOOLING, particularly when used in conjunction with a printer
Spooling
Placing items in a buffer so they cab be retrieved by the appropriate device when needed, or moving items from the buffer to the device
Diff kinds of OPERATING SYSTEMS
- Personal operating system
- Network Server operating system
- Mobile operating systems
-Embedded operating systems
Personal operating system

(Desktop Operating System
- used by us
- Designed to be installed on a single computer
- In business, can connect to a Network server

- D: A type of operating system designed to be installed on a single personal computer
Network Server operating system

(Server operating system)
(Network operating system)
- Use by businesses
- Designed to be installed on a special computer called a network server

- D: A type of operating system designed to be installed on a network server
Mobile operating systems
- Used in small devices, like phones, tablets

-D: A type of operating system used with smartphone and other mobile devices
Embedded operating systems
- Used in non-computing devices, like Cars, GPS

- D: A type of operating system embedded into devices, such as cars and consumer devices
Operating systems are build for
technology / hardware
Types of CPU's (processors) supported
(operating system)
Desktop, Mobile, Server, etc
Number of processors
(Operating system)
single, multiple
__ bit CPUs

(Operating System)
64
128 bit will come soon
Support for other technologies
(Operating system)
- New types of buses (makes it speedy!)
- Power-saving features (keeps the electric bill down)
- Touch and gesture input (easy input)
Operating systems for Personal Computers
DOS
(Disk Operating System)
DOS
(Disk Operating System)
- PC-DOS
- MS- DOS

- DOS traditionally used a command-line interface
- Can enter DOS commands in Windows

- D: The operating system designed for and widely used on early IBM and IBM-compatible PCs.
Windows
The primary personal computer operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation; the most recent version is Windows 10
PC-DOS

(DOS)
Created originally for IBM microcomputers

Personal computer
MS-DOS

(DOS)
Used with IBM-compatible computers

Microsoft
Unix Operating System
UNIX
MAC
UNIX
Unix
Linux

- D: An operating system developed in the late 1960s for midrange servers and mainframes; many variations of this operating system are in use today
Unix
- late 1960s for midrange servers
- Bell laboratories
Linux
- Much less expensive than Windows or MAC OS
- linus Torvald

D: An open source operating system that is available without charge over the Internet and is increasingly being used with mobile devices, personal computers, serves, mainframes, and supercomputers
MAC
MAC OS (Apple machines)
MAC OS (Apple machines)
- based on the UNIX operating system
- Originally set the standard for graphical user interfaces
- Most recent personal version
>> Mac OS X Mavericks
>> Traditionally code manes based on big cats (cheetah, puma, jaguar, panther, tiger, leopard, snow leopard, and lion)

- New features like Time Machine. Stacks, Quick Look, Boot Camp
OS X.
The operating system used on Apple computers; the most recent version is OS X El Capitan
Chrome OS
- The first cloud operating system
- Essentially is the chrome Web browser redesigned to run a computer, in addition to accessing Web resources
- Replaces traditional desktop operating systems
- Is currently only available preinstalled on Chrome devices
Mobile Operating Systmes
- Windows Mobile
- Windows Embedded
- Android
- iPhone OS
- BlackBerry Operating System
- Palm OS and Palm webOS
- Symbian OS
- Other mobile devices
Windows Mobile
Designed for mobile phones
- Look and feel of desktop versions
Windows Embedded
Designed for consumer and industrial devices that are not personal computers
- Cash register, GPS devices, ATMs, medical devices and robots
- Windows Automotive and Microsoft Auto for cars
>> Ford Sync
Android
- Linux based OS developed by Open HandsetAlliance (including Google)

- Code names based on deserts! (froyo, gingerbread, honeycomb, ice cream sandwich, Jelly bean, KitKat)

- D: A Linux-based operating system designed for mobile devices and developed by the Open Handset Alliance, which is a group of companies led by Google
iPhone OS
Designed for Apple Mobile phones and mobile devices
BlackBerry Operating System
Designed for BlackBerry devices
Palm OS and Palm webOS
Designed for Palm devices
Symbian OS
Designed for use with smart phones like Nokia
Other mobile devices
Use Embedded Linux
>> GPS services, appliances
Larger computers sometimes use operating systems designed ...
solely for that type of computer
- IBM's Z/OS and i/5OS run on IBM mainframes
- UniSys OS-2200 run on UniSys mainframes
Windows, UNIX, and Linux are also used with
both mainframes and supercomputers

- Sun Solaris, HP, UX, IBM AIX
- FYI
FYI
Linux computers can be linked together to form a super computing cluster
Utility Programs
Software that performs a specific task, related to managing or maintaining the computer system
Many utilities are built into
operating systems
Examples of utilities built into operating systems
- File management
- Search
- Diagnostic
- Disk Management
- Backup
Utilities are also available as
STAND-ALONE PRODUCTS and as SUITES
File Explorer
The file management program built into the Windows operating systems; older versions of Windows use Windows Explorer
File management Utilities
Enable the user to perform file management task, such as:

- Looking at the contents of a storage medium
- Copying, moving, and renaming files and folders
- Deleting files and folders
- File management program in Windows is Windows Explorer (computer)
File management program
A utility program that enables the user to perform file management tasks, such as copying and deleting files.
Search tools
- Utility Programs
- Designed to search for files on the user's hard drive
Diagnostic programs
- utility programs
- Evaluate your system and make recommendations for fixing any errors found
Disk management programs
- utility programs
- Diagnose and repair problems related to your hard drive
Uninstall utilities
- utilities programs
- Remove programs from your hard drive without leaving bits and pieces behind
Clean up utilities:
- utilities programs
- Delete temporary files
Back up and recovery utilities
- utilities programs
- Make the backup and restoration process easier

>> Good Backup procedures are critical or businesses

>> Individuals should back up important documents, email, photos, home, video, etc

>> Store backup data on a CD or DVD, second hard drive, flash memory drive, or upload to the internet

>> Back up your entire computer once all programs have been installed, so your system can be restored to that configuration
Back up
Duplicate copy of data or other computer content
The Future of Operating S ystems
- Will continue to become more user-friendly
- Will eventually be drive primarily by a voice interface
- Likely continue to become more stable and self-healing

- Will likely continue to include improved security features and to support multiple processors and other technological improvements

- Maybe used primarily to access software available through the Internet or other networks
What was the very first operating system for a personal computer called?
PC DOC
What are the 3 main PC Operating systems used today?
Windows, Mac OC, Unix??
Are operating systems today text-based?
NO
What does the term "user interface" mean?
The means by which an operating system or any other program interacts with the user
How many versions of Microsoft Windows are there?
15?
What are the 2 most recent versions of Windows?
Windows 10
Windows 8.1

??
Are utility programs build into the operating system?
YES but do not have to
Are utility programs sold separately?
YES
What are the two forms of DOS?
- PC-DOS
- MS- DOS
What is a GUI?
Graphical User Interface

- Uses pictures or graphics to identify programs or photos that allow us to easily start programs, change settings and adjust our system for its best performance

- D: A graphically based interface that allows a user to communicate instructions to the computer easily
What is the name of the file management utility in a Windows operating system?
file explorer
What are the two main types of software?
System software & Application software
The first type has two categories
Operating system & Utilities program
Which of the above performs "back-ups"?
Utilities program
Which one protects the PC from illegal use?
Operating system
The need for speed:
What are the "3M's"
- Multi-tasking
- Multi-threading
- Multi-processing
What is virtual memory? where is it?
fake memory
HD

D: Memory-management technique that uses hard drive space as additional RAM
What is buffering and spooling?
buffering
- hold stuff (files) for print > allow to multi task
- The process of placing items in a buffer so the appropriate device can retrieve them when needed; also called SPOOLING, particularly when used in conjunction with a printer

spooling
- remove file from buffer and send to the destination
- Placing items in a buffer so they cab be retrieved by the appropriate device when needed, or moving items from the buffer to the device
What parts of the computer are the 3Ms built into
CPU
operating system?
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...