CH# 20 - Labratory Procedures (part1)

Blood Gas
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Terms in this set (22)
Blood Gas
Contains levels of oxygen, C02 (carbon dioxide), acidity (pH), oxygen saturation (02), carbondioxide, and nitrogen in the liquid part of the blood that refers to the partial pressures.

,* arterial = tests respiratory AND metabolic fxn
* venous = tests only metabolic fxn
(type of test) done in Respiratory Dept. (done if C02 is building up in the blood)
Formed Elements
Collectively known as, "blood cells", and consists of the cellular elements of blood; erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
Hematopoesis
Normal function and development of blood cells. Blood cell production occurs in bone marrow in 2 stages: 1-proliferation(division) 2- differentiation (maturation).
Phagocytes
Cells that ingest (destroy) worn-out cells, bacteria and viruses that invade the body so they can be broken down by lysosomes
Phagocytosis
Process that allows neutrophils to surround, swallow, and digest bacteria. (endocytosis) where extensions of a plasma membrane engulf extracellular particles and transport them into the interior of the cell.
Plasma
The clear or "straw colored" liquid portion of blood containing fibrinogen and made up of 90% water.
Erythrocytes
BLOOD CELL. Red blood cells which contain hemoglobin, and transport oxygen to the cells.
Hemoglobin
Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body, and carbon dioxide from body to lungs to be exhaled.
Leukocytes
BLOOD CELL. Help identify and defend against infection and participate in reactions to invading microorganisms or foreign particles (antigens).
* 3 SUBDIVISIONS of GRANULAR WBCs &
* 2 SUBDIVISIONS of GRANULAR WBCs.
Neutrophils
(1 of 3) GRANULAR WBC. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) & combat infection by phagocytosis and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days. The mosy abundant type of WBC.
Eosinophils(1 of 3) GRANULAR WBC. Respond to allergies and inflammation. Type of WBC with the greatest protection against parasites.Basophils(1 of 3) GRANULAR WBC. Contain histamine & heparin., Blood cells that enter damaged tissues and enhance the inflammation process.Lymphocyte(1 of 2) NONGRANULAR WBC. Produce antibodies against bacteria, viruses, pollens and mediates acquired immunity. (Those that complete their development in the bone marrow are called B cells, and those that mature in the thymus are called T cells.)Monocytes(1 of 2) NONGRANULAR WBC. Assist in phagocytosis, & are the largest blood cell. Contain a single nucleus. During inflammation, ________ mature and grow to several times their original size, becoming macrophages.ThrombocytesBLOOD CELL.(PLATELETS) Primary function is to aid in coagulation, the body's major method of preventing excessive loss of blood when the vessel walls are broken or cut open. Also, the smallest blood cell.AgglutinationAn antibody-mediated immune response in which an antibody "clumps" together with an antigen. This is the result of an antigen-antibody complexes.AntibodyKEY & LOCK. A protein substance that protects the body against infection, An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells, that functions as the effector in an immune response.AntigenKEY & LOCK. Stimulates and triggers the body's immune response, the substance that induces sensitivity, or an immune response in the form of antibodies.Serum(Plasma minus fibrinogen) A straw-colored liquid consisting of blood plasma minus its clotting proteins.Clotting Sequence #1VASOCONSTRICTION: (Vascular Phase) Injured blood vessels leads to vascular spasams of the smooth muscle in the vessel wasll. This constricts the vessel to reduce or even stop the loss of blood. Lasts up to 30 minutes.Clotting Sequence #2PLATELET PLUG: (Platelet Phase) Platelets stick to the walls of the damaged blood vessel @ site of injury in "platelet adhesion" and secrete ADP which allows nearby free platelets to attach.Clotting Sequence #3CLOT FORMATION: (Coagulation Phase) Overall process involves the formation of the insoluble protein, Fibrin, from the plasma protein Fibrinogen. Fibrin forms a network of fibers which traps blood cells and platelets forming a thrombus (clot).