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Ch. 45 Nutrition

Terms in this set (42)

Normal growth and development
Tissue maintenance and repair
Cellular metabolism
Organ function
Nutrition is essential for....
4 Items
Food security
Means that all members have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to maintain a healthy lifestyle on a consistent basis
Basic Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Energy needed at rest to maintain life-sustaining activities such as:
Breathing
Circulation
Heart Rate
Temperature
Age
Body Mass
Gender
Fever
Starvation
Menstruation
Illness
Injury
Infection
Activity Level
Thyroid Function
Factors that affect energy requirements include:
Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)/ Resting Metabolic Rate
The amount of energy you need to consume over a 24 hour period for your body to maintain all of its internal working activities while at rest
Illness
Pregnancy
Lactation
Activity Level
Factors affecting metabolism
Stays the same
When the kcals of the food we eat meets our energy requirements our weight......
Gain weight
When kcal ingested exceed our energy demands we.....
Lost weight
When the kcals ingested fail to meet our energy requirements we.......
Nutrients
Elements necessary for the normal function of numerous body processes
Carbohydrates
Main source of energy in our diet
Primarily obtained from plant foods
Saccharides
Carbohydrates are classified according to
Fiber
A polysaccharide that cannot be broken down by the body
Proteins
Provide a source of energy
Essential for growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissue
Required for Blood clotting, fluid regulation, and acid-base balance
Transport nutrients and many drugs into the blood
Maintain nitrogen balance
Amino acid
The simplest form of protein
Histidine, lysine, phenylalnine
Indispensable amino acids not synthesized by the body and need to be provided in our diet
Alanine
Asparagine
Glutamic acid
Dispensable amino acids synthesized in the body
Fish
Chicken
Soybeans
Turkey
Cheese
High quality protein that contains all essential amino acids in sufficient quantity to support growth and maintain nitrogen balance can be found in......
nitrogen balance
Means that the intake and output of nitrogen are equal
Fats
Also called lipids
The most calorie dense nutrient
Triglycerides and fatty acids
Fats are composed of ________________ and __________ ____________
Saturated fats
Come from animals fats
Unsaturated fats
Come from vegetable fats
Fluid environment
Cell function depends on ___________ _____________
Infants
__________ have greatest percentage of total body water
Older adults
____________ ____________ have the least percentage of total body water
Food oxidation
Digestion produces fluid during __________ __________
Elimination
Respiration
Sweating
In a healthy individual fluid intake should equal fluid output through ____________, _____________, _____________.
Vitamins
Organic substances present in small amounts in foods that are essential to normal metabolism
Act as catalyst in biochemical reactions
K, A, D, E
Fat soluble vitamins
B, C
Water soluble vitamins
the body does not store these vitamins
Minerals
Inorganic elements essential to the body as catalyst in biochemical reactions
Helps to maintain pH of the body
Macromineral
Minerals are classified as ______________ when the daily requirement is 100 mg or more
Microminerals
Minerals are classified as ________________ when the daily requirement is less than 100 mg
Anabolism
The building of more complex biochemical substances by synthesis of nutrients;
Occurs when an individual adds lean muscle through diet and exercise;
Possible when body is in positive nitrogen balance
Catabolism
the breakdown of biochemical substances into simpler substances;
Occurs during physiological states of negative nitrogen balance (ex. starvation when wasting of body tissues occurs)
Mechanical energy
Muscle contraction involves ___________ __________
Electrical energy
Nervous system function involves ___________ ___________
Thermal energy
Mechanisms of heat production involve __________ __________
Fat
The major form of body reserve energy
stored as adipose tissue
Protein
Stored as muscle mass
Lack of Access to full service grocery stores
High cost of healthy food
Widespread availability of less healthy food
Lack access to safe places to play and exercise
Environmental factors that influence nutrition
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