Anatomy Lecture Exam #4 Urinary system

Urinary System also known as this
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Terms in this set (50)
Urinary System also known as this
Excretory System
These are the three Excretory Functions
Regulate blood volume and composition by forming urine and removing waste, Regulates blood pressure, Contributes to metabolism
Excretory System Function: Contributes to metabolism in these three ways
synthesizing new glucose molecules during fasting/starvation,
secreting erythropoietin (hormone that helps produce more red cells blood cells), participates in synthesis of vitamin D
This is a hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of production of red blood cells in response to falling levels of oxygen in the tissues.
Erythropoietin
Define Renin
enzyme secreted by kidney which elevates blood pressure
Kidneys are also known as this. They are located between the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae.
renal organs (retroperitoneal organs)
Name the paired glands that are found on top of the kidneys and perform endocrine functions.
Suprarenal Glands (adrenal glands)
This is the other name for Suprarenal glands. These are paired glands found on top of the kidneys.
Adrenal Glands (AKA)
Which kidney is lower than the other kidney because the liver sits on top of it pushing it down slightly
Right kidney
The kidneys are considered this because they are located under the digestive system.
Retroperitoneal Organs
Name the three layers of the kidneyRenal Capsule, Adipose Capsule, Renal FasciaThis is the deepest layer of the kidney. It maintains the shaped of the kidney. This layer serves as a barrier against trauma because it is made up of thick connective tissue.Renal CapsuleThis is the middle layer of the kidney and protects the kidney from damage. This layer holds the kidney firmly in place in the abdominal cavity.Adipose capsuleThis is the outer most layer of the kidney. This layer anchors the kidneys to the abdominal wall.Renal FasciaThis is the indentation on the bean shaped kidneyHilusThe functional unit of the kidney is called this. It makes the Kidney work; filters, absorbs & secretesNephronThese are the functions of the Nephron.Responsible for filtering blood, Returns useful substances to the blood so it is not lost in the body, Removes harmful substances not needed by the bodyThe Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. What are the Nephrons two parts?renal corpuscle renal tubulesThis is the part of the Nephron (found in the kidney) that is composed of Glomerulus and Bowman's CapsuleRenal corpuscleThis is the part of the Nephron (found in the kidney) where fluid is filtered and TOT is simple cuboidal.Renal tubulesWhat are the two parts of the kidney?Renal Cortex MedullaThis is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla.Renal CortexThis is the inside part of the kidney. The renal tubules are found here.MedullaThese are small cup shaped depressions found in the kidneys under the renal pyramids.Minor CalyxWhen the minor calyx in the kidney under the renal pyramids broaden they become this.Major CalyxWhen the minor and the major calyx unite they become this, which is funnel shaped. (Kidney)Renal PelvisThis is one of two components found in the Renal Corpuscle which is part of the Nephron in the kidneys. It forms a double wall Epithelial cup (visceral & parietal)Bowman's capsule (Kidney)The Parietal wall in the Bowman's capsule which is part of the Renal Corpuscle in the kidneys is made up of this type of tissue.Simple SquamousThe Visceral wall in the Bowman's capsule, which is part of Renal Corpuscle in the kidneys, is made up of modified simple squamous tissue called this. This allows only small particles to pass through.podocytesThis is the organ that passes through the renal artery, renal vein, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. It transports urine to the bladder via peristalsis.UtererThis is the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward.PeristalsisThis is the medical term for kidney stonesRenal CalculiThis is the jagged type of kidney stone that scrape the walls of the ureter when it moves, blood will show in the urine (hematuria).Staghorn CalculiThis is the organ of the excretory system that is responsible for storing urine.BladderThis muscle makes up the wall of the bladder. It has sensory receptors that can detect changes in the volume of urine in the bladder.Detrusor muscleThis amount of urine in the bladder stimulates receptors in the detrusor muscle, giving one the urge to urinate.300 mLThis is the capacity of urine that can be held in the bladder. (differs a bit from person to person)500mlThis is the organ of the excretory system that delivers urine out of the body. Males have a longer one of these, because of this women are more proned to UTI'sUrethraIf UTI's are not treated the bacteria will destroy the nephron. What does UTI stand for?Urinary Tract InfectionThis is the name for inflammation of the urinary bladder. It is often caused by bacteria traveling up the urethra and causes an infection and is usually accompanied by frequent, painful urination.CystitisThese are the two muscles inthe UrethraInternal urethral sphincter (involuntary), External urethral sphincter (voluntary)Only men have these which are glands that surround the urethra. They secrete a milky slightly acidic fluid for sperm protection.Prostate glandsIf the prostate glands that surround a mans urethra become enlarged it can cause this. Men over 40 should get a digital rectal exam to check for this. This makes the urethra narrower which doesn't allow easy passage of urine.Prostate HypertrophyThis is the color of normal urine when the person is well hydrated. It will give off a slight ammonia smell.light yellowDark-yellow urine signifies that the person is this.dehydratedDark-brown urine signifies that the person is digesting these.iron supplementsCloudy urine signifies that the person has the possibility of having this.infectionIf the urine appears green and can glow for a short period of time while excreting the person is taking this kind of supplement.CreatinePresence of protein in the urine is called this. Protein should not be able to pass the podocytes which are found in the visceral wall of the Bowman's capsule in the Renal Corpuscle (kidney). If this is present when not taking medication a problem is occurring in the kidneys.ProteinuriaPresence of blood in the urine is called this. blood should not be able to pass the podocytes If a person is healthy and taking medication this is normal. If this is present when not taking medication a problem is occurring in the kidneys.Hematuria