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Basic Grammar Vocabulary

Terms in this set (37)

declarative sentence
tells something; ends with a period (.)
Example: Carmen is studying in the bathroom.
interrogative sentence
asks something; ends with a question mark (?)
Example: Where is Imani going to attend college?
imperative sentence
commands something; ends with a period (.)
Example: Sit down here and listen to the teacher.
exclamatory sentence
shows strong feeling; ends with an exclamation mark (!)
Example: What a big surprise!
subject
names the person, place or thing that the sentence is about
Example: Adjedmaa plays the violin.
complete subject
contains all the words that tell who or what the sentence is about
Example: All of Ofie's children play an instrument.
simple subject
the main noun or pronoun in the subject
Example: Adjedmaa plays the violin.
predicate
tells what the subject is or does
Example: Adjedmaa plays the violin.
complete predicate
contains all the words that tell what the subject does
Example: Adjedmaa plays the violin.
simple predicate
is the verb of the sentence
Example: Ifetayo practices the cello 2 hours a day.
compound sentence
two or more simple sentences containing related information usually joined by a conjuction (and, but and or) with a comma placed before the conjuction
Example: Menelik plays soccer very well, but he plays violin even better.
common noun
names any person, place, thing or idea
Example: minister, church, cross, peace
proper noun
names a specific person, place, thing or idea and begins with a capital letter
Example: Ethel, Alabama, The Titanic
verb
a word in the predicate that tells physical or mental action or state of being
Example: Adjedmaa plays the violin.
action verb
tells what the subject is doing
Example: Ofie drove the minivan to rehearsal.
linking verb
links a subject to a noun or an adjective that names or describes it
Example: The Camry is rust colored.
The minivan is reliable.
helping verb
comes before the main verb and helps state the action or shows time
Example: Ifetayo has completed her homework.
verb tense
tells when an action occurs- present, past, or future
subject pronoun
replaces a noun used as the subject of a sentence
Examples: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
She went to the library.
object pronoun
replaces a noun used after an action verb or a preposition
Examples: me, you, him, her, it, us, them
She took him to the movies.
reflexive pronoun
refers back to the subject
Example: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Example: They gave themselves credit.
indefinite pronoun
does not name the word or words it replaces
Examples: everyone, nothing, other, somebody, everything, something, each, no one, anybody, none
Everyone likes chocolate ice cream.
demonstrative pronoun
points out a noun without naming it
Examles: this, that, these, those
Please take this to the recycle bin.
interrogative pronoun
used when asking a question
Examples: who, whose, whom, which, what
Whose garbage is this? Who ate my cheese?
antecedent
the noun or nouns to which the pronoun refers. It doesn't have to be in the same sentence as the pronoun.
Example: After Ariel finishes performing, she will sit in the audience.
possessive noun
tells who or what owns something
Example: Carmen's __, the animal's __, the children's __
possessive pronoun
tells who or what owns something; they replace possessive nouns.
Example: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
adjective
describes nouns or pronouns; can tell what kind, which one, or how many
Example: Greg made three different kinds of vegetarian wraps.
demonstrative adjective
points out a specific person, place or thing.
Example: This bike belongs to Anna.
comparative
adds -er to compare two nouns or use the words "more" or "less" with words with two or more syllables
Example: Adjedmaa is taller than Ifetayo.
Lucinda is more disciplined than Carmen.
superlative
adds -est to compare 3 or more nouns or use most or least with adjectives with 2 or more syllables
Example: Chloe is the funniest girl in class. She was the most talented person at the talent show.
adverb
a word that describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs can tell how, when, where and to what extent. Adverbs can be used to make comparisons
Example: Kai Isoke ran fast. We hope she finishes early. She sat her shoes there. She really wants to win.
preposition
used to show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence. Example: about, above, after, at, behind, below, between, down, during, for, from, in, inside, of, off, on, through, to, under, with
Example: The rosin is under the couch.
prepositional phrase
can act as an adjective or an adverb; made up of a preposition, its object, and all the words in between.
Example: The rosin is under the couch. They found money on the ground.
sentence
expresses a complete thought; has a subject and predicate.
appositive
a word or phrase that renames the noun or pronoun before it.
Example: Carmen, my aunt, is always yelling for no reason.
quotation
the exact words a person says
Example: "What are you doing tomorrow?" asked Kai Isoke.
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