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Bio exam 4

Terms in this set (60)

Which of the following lists gives the cellular processes for limb formation in correct order from first to last?
cell division, cell migration, cell differentiation, cell death
Cellular differentiation progressively restricts cell fate because the unexpressed genes in the cell:
become less densely packed and undergo irreversible repression
You are working in a Drosophila lab, and find a larva with two anterior ends. Both a normal larva and the mutant larva are shown below. What is the most likely explanation for the mutant larva phenotype?
there is a high concentration of the Bicoid protein at both ends of the mutant embryo
In Drosophila, absence of Bicoid protein results in larvae missing anterior segments and absence of Nanos protein results in larvae missing posterior segments. Suppose you inject Nanos protein into the anterior region of early embryos lacking Bicoid. The expected result would be:
larvae with two posterior regions
Induced pluripotent stem cells
are genetic transform ants, may be produced from skin cells in vitro, can be induced to form many different tissues, offer some advantages over embryonic stem cells for therapeutic use.
Let us suppose that someone is successful at producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) for replacement of pancreatic insulin-producing cells for people with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following occurrences could still be problematic?
the possibility that, once introduced into the patient, the iPS cells produce nonpancreatic cells
The polarity of microfilaments in a cell is an example of a
cytoplasmic determinant.
Which of the following developmental processes would most likely be examined in terms of patterns of gene expression?
Determination
True Statements
A proto-oncogene is a "normal" gene that, if mutated, can become an oncogene and lead to a cell becoming cancerous.
Some types of leukemia are the result of constitutively active (i.e., "always on") growth factor receptors.
As cells continue differentiating, they increasingly lose their developmental potential and their fate becomes more restricted.
To avoid using controversial embryonic stem cells, scientists have learned to reprogram fully differentiated adult cells and return them to a pluripotent state.
How would you summarize the relationship between the relative size of a species' genome and its proteome?
genome < proteome
The comparison between the number of human genes and those of other animal species has led to many conclusions, including the idea that
the number of proteins expressed by the human genome is far more than the number of its genes.
Comparing genomes between multiple organisms sometimes reveals many genes unique to a particular organism, as well as long stretches of DNA that doesn't code for proteins but it highly conserved between species. What are accurate outcomes of these types of analysis?
BOTH The potential discovery of formally unknown genes AND The identification of DNA elements that have functions other than coding for protein that is conserved between species ARE CORRECT.
You and your evil roommate are talking about how there are many human genes whose function remain unknown. Your evil roommate states that "those genes probably aren't that important or we'd already know about them through mutations and diseases." Despite your roommate's evilness and experimentation on you all semester, you respect their scientific opinion. What would be the most scientifically valid response to your evil roommate?
Some genes that make proteins that are essential for human life might not cause any disease if mutated. Instead, when these genes are mutated they cause death very early in development and so we'd never know anything about that gene because there would be no human disease associated with mutations in that gene.
Regenerative medicine is a field that aims to use the natural processes of cell growth and development to replace diseased or damaged tissue. This approach may be used to treat:
Parkinson's disease and obesity
In a normal cell, tumor suppressors are responsible for:
signaling that highly defective cells be destroyed and allowing the cell to correct replication errors
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