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USMLE step 1 - heart sounds and APs

Terms in this set (25)

mid-systolic click
mitral prolapse
S1
mitral and triscuspid closure
S2
aortic and pulmonic closure
S3
increased ventricular filling pressures:
• CHF
• mitral regurg
• (normal in pregnancy and children)
S4
atrial kick/high atrial pressure:
• LV hypertrophy
S2 split (normal)
inspiration
wide S2 split
• pulmonic stenosis
• right bundle branch block
fixed S2 split
ASD
paradoxical S2 split
• aortic stenosis
• left bundle branch block
(pulmonic valve closes before aortic)
holosystolic murmur
• mitral or tricuspid regurg
• VSD
crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur
aortic stenosis
ejection click
aortic stenosis
late systolic crescendo murmur
mitral prolapse
early diastolic murmur
aortic regurg
opening snap
mitral stenosis
late diastolic mumur
mitral stenosis
continuous machine-like murmur
PDA
intensification with inspiration
right heart sounds
intensification with expiration
left heart sounds
intensification with inc hand grip (inc systemic vascular resistance)
mitral regurg
VSD
intensification with valsalva (dec venous return)
mitral valve prolapse
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
what is responsible for plateau phase in cardiac myocyte AP?
Ca influx
what is responsible for automaticity of cardiac nodal cells?
I-f Na channels cause spontaneous depolarization
what decreases the rate of diastolic depolarization in SA node?
acetylcholine
adenosine
what increases the rate of diastolic depolarization in SA node?
catecholamines
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