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Kinns Chapter 33 Principles of Pharamcology

Terms in this set (105)

angina pectoris
a spasm like pain in the chest caused by myocardial anoxia
bronchodialator
a drug that relaxes contractions of the smooth muscle of the bronchioles improving lung ventilation.
cirrhosis
a chronic, degenerative disease of the liver that interferes w/ normal liver function.
hypercholesterolemia
elevated blood levels of cholesterol
metabolic alkalosis
a condition characterized by significant loss of acid in the body or an increased amount of bicarbonate, severe metabolic alkalosis.
spermicide
a chemical substance that kills sperm cells
therapeutic range
the blood concentration of a drug that produces the desired effect w/o toxicity.
benefit-to-risk ratio
The drug is effective w/o causing an unacceptable degree of harm to the user.
Controlled substance act
A drug or other substance that has potential for illegal use and abuse.
physical drug dependency
A person's addiction to use a substance continuously, so the body can function and to prevent physical discomfort.
habituation
a mild form of psychological dependency, like caffeine.
chemical name
Represents the drugs exact name and formula
trade name
given name of compound by the pharmaceutical co. Copyright protected 17 yrs.
USP
US Parmacopieal The official source of drug standards for US
systemic effect
drug affecting specific or multiple systems.
subscription
Directions for the pharmacist. size of dose, amount to be dispensed.
inscription
main part of the prescription, name of drug, dose, form and strength.
signature
directions for the patient. ie tid, ac, bid
superscription
Pt. name address, date, rx symbol
rx means
recipe or take in latin
Antagonism
Action of drug that decreases the intensity or shortens the duration of action of another drug.
synergism
One drug increases the intensity or prolongs the action of another drug.
potentiation
form of synergism, two drugs have different actions, but one increases the effect of the other drug
sublingual
situated or administered under the tonge
intrathecal injection
Also called intraspinal. injected into spinal column
diurnal rhythms
Effects of some drugs on the body systems due to the time of day or time of light
Therapeutic
Drugs used to treat and cure a disorder. ie antibiotics cure bacterial infections.
Palliative
Drugs that don't cure a disorder but relieve pain or symptoms to the condition ie antihistamine for allergic symptoms
Prophylactic
Drugs that prevent the occurrence of a condition; ie vaccines prevent the occurrence of specific infectious diseases.
Diagnostic
Drugs that help determine the cause of a particular health problem. ie injection of antigen serum for allergy testing.
Replacement
Drugs that provide substances the body needs to maintain health. ie estrogen replacement therapy for menopausal women or insulin to pts. w/ diabetes.
OTC
medications sold w/o prescription
generic
drugs that are not protected by trademark
colloidal
pertaining to a gluelike substance
Parenteral
Denoting any medication route other than the GI route
Lumen
space within a vessel or tube
Enteric-coated
Drug formulation in which tablets are coated w/ a special compound that doesn't dissolve til the table is exposed to fluids in small intestine.
Analgesic
Pain reliever
Anesthetic
Blocks nerve impulses to the brain resulting in unconsciousness; dilates pupils, lowers BP, reduces R & P rates.
Antibiotic
treats bacterial invasions and infections
Antidepressant
treat depression, elevates mood
Antihistamine
Treats allergic symptoms, reactions
Anti hypersensitive
reduce, control BP
Antiinflammatory
Steroid or NSAID Reduces inflammation, swelling, pain
Steriod
Naturally occurring hormone in the body.
NSAID
Non Steriodial Anti Inflammatory Drug
Antipruritic
Relieves itching
Diuretics
Lowers BP, relieves fluid retention by inhibiting re absorption of sodium and chloride in kidneys
Hypnotics
sedative, causes sleep, lessens activity of brain
Lipid-lowering agents
Manage high cholesterol, reduces blood cholesterol levers or increases high density lippoprotein.
Herbal and Altnatives Therapies
Alternative therapies, or holistic medicine. Need to know pt. is taking them because potential drug-herb interaction
Oral hypoglycemias
Manages diabetes mellitis type 2, ie, Actos, Avandia
Antipyretic
Reduces fever
Antitussive
cough suppressant. relieves cough
vasodialator
relaxes and dilates the blood vessels
true
The chemical name represent the drugs exact formula
false
The generic drug name is assigned by the manufacturer.
true
brand names are capitalized
true
A prescription is an order written by the physician for the compounding or dispensing and administration of drugs to a particular patient.
Six factors that affect a drug's action
weight, age, gender, diurnal rhythms, pathological factors, psychological factors.
expectorant
relieves upper respiratory tract congestion by liquifying secretions
true
The amount must be written out (ten rather than 100 and in small quantities for controlled substances.
False
Drugs in schedules I, II must include this label when dispensed. Federal law prohibits transfer of this drug to any person other than the pt. for whom it is prescribed.
Schedule I
No accepted medical use. Possession is illegal
Schedule III
Accepted for medical use. Potential for abuse less than I or II
Schedule V
May cause limited physical psychological dependence, cough med. containing codeine.
JCAHO
to reduce the number of medications errors caused by incorrect use of medical terminology.
gingko biloba
treats asthma, bronchitis, tinnitus
False
A prescription doesn't have to be signed by a physician to be legal.
Narcotics
Depresses the CNS and causes insensibility or stupor
Peristaltic
excessive waves of involuntary contractions passing along the wall of a hollow GI tract.
Anteimetic
Controls nausea and vomiting, acts on hypothalamus center in the brain
Anticholinergics
Parasympathetic blocking agent, reduces spasm in smooth muscle.
Adrenergic
Constricts blood vessels, narrows the lumen of a vessel
Pharmacokinetics
study of the movement of drugs throughout the body
What actions occur when a drug is taken
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
True
OTC drugs may interfere or interact with prescription drugs
false
a single drug may have only two names
true
pt.s may misuse or abuse prescription, OTC, and illegal drugs.
Habituation
the body develops a psychological dependency on a medications, but is not affected by physiological change.
True
CSA divides controlled substances in to 5 sections according to dug addictive abilities and potential for abuse.
Parenternal
administration of drugs by injection
Topical & mucous membrane absorption
local or systemic effects, suppositories, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, inhalants
true
rate of absorption depends on route of administration
false
metabolism in liver requires lower oral dose
true
food slows absorption rate and interfere with drug action
true
drug may require enteric coating to prevent destruction or gi irritations
true
half-life used to determine frequency of medication administration to maintain therapeutic blood levels
true
Classifications of Drug Actions
Drugs are generally classified according to their actions on the body or according to the body systems they affect.
Adrenergic blocking agents
reduces BP , vasodialation; inscreases muscle tone of GI walls
false
drug must pass tests starting in the lab or humans then in animal trials
CSA
Controlled Substances Act
uticaria
hives
anaphylatic shock
vasodialation, uticaria, dspynea, edema, vomiting, diarrhea
Epi pen is used when
In allergic reactions, ie. bee stings or certain foods. (anaphylatic shock)
dysnea
difficult breathing
induration
abnormally hard, inflammed area on Mantaux test (TB)
Intradermal Site
upper chest, upper back, forearm
Subcutaneous site
abdomine, anterior thigh (Anterior), deltoild, subcapular portion of back (posterior)
Intra muscular site
deltoid, vastus laterus, ventrogluteal, dorsogluteral
Where do you give an Infant or child a shot
Vastus laterus
IM shots for penicillin are given
In deltoid. Use nondominant hand on pts. shoulder. with thumb and first 2 fingers spread skin tightly & grasp muscle deepling
gels are
minerals suspended in water
emulsion
oil and water
syrup
sugar and water
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