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APUSH Ch 16

Terms in this set (25)

Chinese Exclusion Act
(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.
Burlingame Treaty
This treaty with China was ratified in 1868. It encouraged Chinese immigration to the United States at a time when cheap labor was in demand for U.S. railroad construction. It doubled the annual influx of Chinese immigrants between 1868 and 1882. The treaty was reversed in 1882 by the Chinese Exclusion Act.
travois
A device for transporting loads among Plains Indians, the travois consisted of 2 long poles, each lashed to the sides of the dog (and later horse) pulling it.
Horse Creek, Wyoming
location of a great meeting of Indian tribes, an attempt by the government to limit the tribes' lands in order to make way for settlers and miners
concentration
an attempt made by the government to restrict Indian tribes to certain areas, therefore concentrating them in that area and creating reservations
Sand Creek Massacre
an attack on a village of sleeping Cheyenne Indians by a regiment of Colorado militiamen in 1864 that resulted in the death of several hundred tribal members
Bozeman Trail
In attempts to block the construction of this road to MT, Sioux (under Chief Red Cloud) massacred and mutilated 82 soldiers under Capt. Fetterman's command
Black Hills
mountains in southwestern South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming, sacred to the Sioux (whites settling in the Black Hills led to the Battle of Little Bighorn); site of Mount Rushmore. This area promised to the Sioux in the Dakota territory but this promise was broken when gold was discovered
Department of the Interior
created in 1849, the federal department charged with conservation, the development of natural resources and Indian relations
Custer's Last Stand
happened when gold was found on the Black Hill's Reservation and the Indians responded violently. A vain and rash Colonel, named Custer, tried to attack the Sioux under Rain-in-the-Face, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. Custer misjudged the number of indians, was surrendered and was killed along with all his men
Wounded Knee
a fleeing tribe of Teton Sioux, after the death of their chief, Sitting Bull, were being pursed by U.S. soldiers for preforming a "ghost dance" ritual. The indians were surrounded and as they were surrendering a scuffle broke out and all the indians, many of them unarmed, were massacred
Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
(General Allotment Act) Bill that promised Indians tracts of land if they left the tribe to farm in order to assimilate them into white culture. The bill was resisted, uneffective, and disastrous to Indian tribes
Chief Joseph
Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations
Comstock Lode
first discovered in 1858 by Henry Comstock, some of the most plentiful and valuable silver/gold was found here, causing many Californians to migrate here, and settle Nevada.
Homesteaders
Settlers who claimed land, offered by the gov. without payment, on the Great Plains under the Homestead Act.
Timber Culture Act
1873-act of Congress added to the Homestead Act stating a person who planted 40 acres of trees and maintained timber for 10 years were granted 160 acres of land
Timber and Stone Act
Land that was deemed "unfit for farming" was sold to those who might want to "timber and stone" (logging and mining) upon the land. The act was used by speculators who were able to get great expanses declared "unfit for farming" allowing them to increase their land holdings at minimal expense.
bonanza farms
Large scale farms often over 50,000 acres, where farmers set up companies to operate
Pacific Railway Act of 1862
1862, provides federal subsidies in land and loans for the construction of a transcontinental railroad by companies (mainly Union Pacific and Central Pacific)
James J. Hill
created the great northern railroad. probably the greatest railroad builder of all, he saw his railroad building as a public duty. also did the southern pacific railroad, completed in 1884.
Longhorns
sturdy, short-tempered cross breed accustomed to the dry grassland of southern plains, many roamed in the wild
Joseph McCoy
a livestock owner who realized railroads could send meat to populated eastern cities by transporting longhorns and other bovines north through the railroad. He also built large cattle pens called stockyards
John Wesley Powell
American geologist who explored the Grand Canyon and said settlers needed to change their exploitative habits
Desert Land Act
1877- the federal government sold arid land cheaply on the condition that the purchaser irrigate the thirsty soil within 3 years
Webb's The Great Plains
1931- a classic study of America's "primary windfalls," such as furs, precious metals, forests, cattle and grass. By the time it was written, most of these resources had been snatched up- ending the frontier
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