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8.1 Enterprise Systems & Supply Chain Management

Terms in this set (28)

Integration
allow separate systems to communicate directly with each other, eliminating the need for manual entry into multiple systems
Forward integration
takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes
Backward integration
takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes.
Another integration method
Central repository for a particular type of information
Enterprise system
provide enterprisewide support and data access for a firm's operations and business processes. These systems can manage customer information across the enterprise, letting you view everything your customer has experienced from sales to support.
Enterprise application integration (EAI)
connects the plans, methods, and tools aimed at integrating separate enterprise systems
Legacy system
current or existing system that will become the base for upgrading or integrating with a new system. EAI reviews how this fit into the new shape of the firm's business processes and devises ways to efficiently reuse what already exists while adding new systems and data
Middleware
several different types of software that sit between and provide connectivity for two or more software applications
Enterprise application integration middleware
takes a new approach to middleware by packaging commonly used applications together, reducing the time needed to integrate applications from multiple vendors
Supply chain
consists of all parties involved, directly, or indirectly, in obtaining raw materials or a product
5 basic supply chain activities
plan, source, make, deliver, return
Supply chain management (SCM)
management of information flows between and among activities in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and corporate profitability.
Supply chain management performs three main business processes
1. materials flow from suppliers and their upstream suppliers at all levels
2. materials are transformed into semi-finished and finished products - the organization's own production processes
3. products are distributed to customers and their downstream customers at all levels
Supply chain visibility
ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain in real time.
Supply chain planning system
use advanced mathematical algorithms to improve the flow and efficiency of the supply chain while reducing inventory. To yield accurate results, this require information inputs that are correct and up to date.
Supply chain execution system
ensure supply chain cohesion by automating the different activities of the supply chain
Electronic data interchange (EDI)
standard format for the electronic exchange of information between supply chain participants.
Bullwhip effect
occurs when distorted product demand information ripples from one partner to the next throughout the supply chain
Demand planning system
generate demand forecasts using statistical ttols and forecasting techniques, so companies can respond faster and more effectively to consumer demands through suply chain enhancements
Back order
an unfilled customer order for a product that is out of stock
Inventory cycle time
the time it takes to manufacture a product and deliver it to the retailer
Customer order cycle time
the agreed upon time between the purchase of a product and the delivery of the product
Inventory turnover
the frequency of inventory replacement
Challenges of supply chain management
costs and complexity
Collaborative demand planning
reduces inventory investments, while improving customer satisfaction
Collaborative engineering
reduces product development costs
Selling chain management
automates order processes from initial customer inquiry to final product delivery
Supply chain event management (SCEM)
increases real time information sharing among supply chain partners focusing on reducing response time to unexpected events
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