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European Exploration

Terms in this set (34)

Prince Henry the Navigator
(1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire.
Da Gama
Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, which led to Portuguese control of the spice trade, This was the first explorer to round the Cape of Good Hope and sail into the Indian Ocean trade
Balboa
Spanish explorer who discovered the Pacific Ocean (1475-1519)
Magellan
This was the first person to lead an expedition that circumnavigated the world
Cortes
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
De las Casas
Priest who spoke out against Spanish treatment of Native Americans
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.
Joint Stock Company
A business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits
Mercantilism
an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Conquistadors
spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain
Mestizos
A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory
Putting Out System
System which was basically an assembly line which made goods easy to manufacture and cheaper to create. Took less time, made guilds obsolete.
Caravel
A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.
Dias
Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500)
Cabral
This explorer first saw the mainland of Brazil and claimed it for Portugal while sailing to set up trading posts in India
Zheng He
An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. (pp. 355, 422)
Pizarro
Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)
Valladolid Debate
1550-1551 Debate between las casas and Sepulveda over native Americans rights should they be enslaved, should they use African Slaves or other and whether they were naturally inferior to Europeans
Capitalism
an economic system based on private ownership of capital
Aztecs
Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax.
Astrolabe
A tool that measures the height of the sun or a star above the horizon
Peninsulares
People living in the New World Spanish colonies but born in Spain.
Mullatos
Persons of mixed European and African ancestry
Treaty of Tordesillas
a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
Columbus
Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
Cartier
French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)
Middle Passage
The route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade
Encomiendas
Land grants that included the right to demand labor or taxes from native americans
Cabot
Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498)
Presidios
Spanish military bases built to protect the missions, spanish military bases located in the americas, spanish forts
Misiones
Name the province in Argentina that is named after teh Jesuit missionaries who came to spread Christianity to the Guarani people in 1600.
New Spain
After the defeat of the Aztecs, it was a Spanish colony. Its capital was Mexico City.
Creoles
In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all nonnative peoples.
Zambos
People of mixed Native American and African descent. Lowest tier of social class, with no rights whatsoever.
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