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HIV/AIDS Questions

Terms in this set (26)

A patient who has vague symptoms of fatigue, headaches, and a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test. What instructions should the nurse give to this patient?

"It will probably be 10 or more years before you develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)."
"The EIA test will need to be repeated to verify the results."
"The Western blot test will be done to determine whether acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has developed."
"A viral culture will be done to determine the progression of the disease."
"The EIA test will need to be repeated to verify the results."
A patient who has a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies is admitted to the hospital with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and a CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/mL. Based on diagnostic criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which statement by the nurse is correct?

"The patient will be diagnosed with asymptomatic chronic HIV infection."
"The patient has developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)."
"The patient meets the criteria for a diagnosis of an acute HIV infection."
"The patient will develop symptomatic chronic HIV infection in less than a year."
"The patient has developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)."
A patient with a positive rapid antibody test result for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is anxious and does not appear to hear what the nurse is saying. What action by the nurse is most important at this time?

Teach the patient about the medications available for treatment.
Remind the patient about the need to return for retesting to verify the results.
Ask the patient to notify individuals who have had risky contact with the patient.
Inform the patient how to protect sexual and needle-sharing partners.
Remind the patient about the need to return for retesting to verify the results.
A patient who is diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) tells the nurse, "I feel obsessed with thoughts about dying. Do you think I am just being morbid?" Which response by the nurse is best?

"Can you tell me more about the kind of thoughts that you are having?"
"Do you think that taking an antidepressant might be helpful to you?"
"Thinking about dying will not improve the course of AIDS."
"It is important to focus on the good things about your life now."
"Can you tell me more about the kind of thoughts that you are having?"
A pregnant woman with a history of asymptomatic chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is seen at the clinic. The patient states, "I am very nervous about making my baby sick." Which information will the nurse include when teaching the patient?

The antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV infection are teratogenic.
It is likely that her newborn will become infected with HIV unless she uses antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Most infants born to HIV-positive mothers are not infected with the virus.
Because she is at an early stage of HIV infection, the infant will not contract HIV.
Most infants born to HIV-positive mothers are not infected with the virus.
Which patient exposure by the nurse is most likely to require postexposure prophylaxis when the patient's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status is unknown?

Needle stick with a needle and syringe used to draw blood
Contamination of open skin lesions with patient vaginal secretions
Needle stick injury with a suture needle during a surgical procedure
Splash into the eyes when emptying a bedpan containing stool
Needle stick with a needle and syringe used to draw blood
A young adult female patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive has a new prescription for efavirenz (Sustiva). Which information is most important to include in the medication teaching plan?

Take this medication in the morning on an empty stomach
Report any bizarre dreams to the health care provider.
Driving is allowed when starting this medication.
Continue to use contraception while on this medication.
Continue to use contraception while on this medication.
A patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected has a CD4+ cell count of 400/µL. Which factor is most important for the nurse to determine before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for this patient?

Potential medication side effects
Patient's ability to comply with ART schedule
HIV genotype and phenotype
Patient's social support system
Patient's ability to comply with ART schedule
The nurse will most likely prepare a medication teaching plan about antiretroviral therapy (ART) for which patient?

Patient who is currently HIV negative but has unprotected sex with multiple partners
HIV-positive patient with a CD4+ count of 160/µL who drinks a fifth of whiskey daily
Patient who was infected with HIV 15 years ago and now has a CD4+ count of 840/µL
Patient who tested positive for HIV 2 years ago and now has cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
Patient who tested positive for HIV 2 years ago and now has cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
The nurse palpates enlarged cervical lymph nodes on a patient diagnosed with acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to take?

Request that an antibiotic be prescribed for the patient.
Explain to the patient that this is an expected finding.
Instruct the patient to apply ice to the neck.
Advise the patient that this is probably the flu.
Explain to the patient that this is an expected finding.
Which information would be most important to help the nurse determine if the patient needs human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing?

Patient age
Patient lifestyle
Patient symptoms
Patient sexual orientation
Patient age
A patient who uses injectable illegal drugs asks the nurse about preventing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which response by the nurse is best?

"You should ask those who share equipment to be tested for HIV."
"It is important to participate in a needle-exchange program."
"I recommend cleaning drug injection equipment before each use."
"Avoid sexual intercourse when using injectable drugs."
"It is important to participate in a needle-exchange program."
Which nursing action will be most useful in assisting a college student to adhere to a newly prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen?

Give the patient detailed information about possible medication side effects.
Check the patient's class schedule to help decide when the drugs should be taken.
Encourage the patient to join a support group for students who are HIV positive.
Remind the patient of the importance of taking the medications as scheduled
Check the patient's class schedule to help decide when the drugs should be taken.
A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has developed Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Which outcome would be appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of care?

The patient will receive immunizations.
The patient will maintain intact perineal skin.
The patient will be free from injury.
The patient will have adequate oxygenation.
The patient will maintain intact perineal skin.
A patient treated for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection for 6 years has developed fat redistribution to the trunk, with wasting of the arms, legs, and face. What instructions will the nurse give to the patient?

Teach about the benefits of daily exercise.
Discuss a change in antiretroviral therapy.
Talk about treatment with antifungal agents.
Review foods that are higher in protein.
Discuss a change in antiretroviral therapy.
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