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Biology Unit 4 DNA and Cell Division

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Who is Griffith and what did he do?
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Who is Griffith and what did he do?
performed experiments on mice with different types of bacteria, injected mice with a combination of heat-killed S bacteria and live R bacteria=mice die, concluded a transforming principle passed from dead S bacteria to live R bacteria
Who is Avery and what did he do?
combined living R bacteria with extract from S bacteria, this allowed them to observe the transformation, purified extract, performed qualitative test, chemical analysis, and enzyme tests, transformation failed to occur when an enzyme that destroyed DNA was added, so identified DNA as the transforming principle
Who are Hershey and Chase and what did they do?
confirmed DNA is genetic material, used a virus called "phage" or bacteriophage which takes over a bacterium's genetic machinery and directs it to create more viruses, performed two experiments, the results showed the phages' DNA had entered the bacteria, but the protein hadn't entered, this convinced scientists that genetic material is DNA and not proteins
Who is Chargaff and what did he do?
analyzed DNA of several different organisms, found the same four bases are in the DNA of all organisms, but proportion of bases differs, A=T and G=C, Chargaff's rules
Who are Franklin and Wilkins and what did they do?
studied DNA using x-ray crystallography, discovered DNA is a helix consisting of two stands that are a regular, consistent width apart