Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

ASC 325 Final Prep

Terms in this set (40)

T/F: The major use of oxygen in the body is in the aerobic synthesis of ATP
True
What are the 2 major respiratory gases for mammals and birds?
oxygen and carbon dioxide
Respiratory gasses reach the gas exchange membranes by ______ and cross the gas exchange membranes by ______
Respiratory gasses reach the gas exchange membranes by CONNECTIVE TRANSPORT and cross the gas exchange membranes by DIFFUSION
Which of the following is not considered to be a part of the conducting airways?

Alveoli
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Trachea
Alveoli
Which of the following correctly lists the muscle that contract during inspiration in mammals?

a) Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
b) Internal and external intercostals
c) Diaphragm and external intercostals
d) Diaphragm and internal intercostals
c) Diaphragm and external intercostals
T/F: In a healthy mammal at rest, the process of expiration requires the expenditure of ATP
False
The amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs during normal inspiration and expiration is termed the ______
The amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs during normal inspiration and expiration is termed the TIDAL VOLUME
The minute volume is calculated by multiplying which of the following 2 parameters together?

a) Residual Volume and respiratory rate
b) Tidal Volume and respiratory rate
c) Vital Capacity and tidal volume
d) Respiratory rate and partial pressure of CO2
b) Tidal Volume and respiratory rate
This region of the brain is considered to be the inspiratory center and is responsible for setting the respiratory rate (through the regulation of inspiration)
pre-Botzinger complex in the medulla
Which of the following correctly lists the thing(s) that will trigger the central chemoreceptors to increase respiratory rate?

a) increased pH, decreased partial pressure of CO2
b) decreased partial pressure of oxygen
c) decreased pH, decreased partial pressure of oxygen
d) decreased pH, increased partial pressure of CO2
a) increased pH, decreased partial pressure of CO2
Where does gas exchange occur in the bird respiratory tract?
Parabronchi
Which muscles contract during expiration in birds?
External intercostals and abdominal muscles
In birds, during both inspiration and expiration, air travels through the parabronchi in the ___________ to ____________ direction
In birds, during both inspiration and expiration, air travels through the parabronchi in the POSTERIOR to ANTERIOR direction
T/F: Compared to a mammal of a similar size, a bird takes more frequent, but smaller, breaths.
False
How many molecules of O2 gas is each blood hemoglobin molecule able to carry?
4
Which of the following physiological conditions are considered to be part of the 'Bohr Effect,' which describes the reduction in the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin that occurs in the systemic tissues (ie. muscle, liver, intestine, etc.)?

a) Decrease in pH, decrease in pCO2
b) Decrease in pH, increase in pCO2
c) Increase in pH, increase in pCO2
d) Increase in pH, decrease in pCO2
b) Decrease in pH, increase in pCO2
T/F: Physiological conditions that result in a reduction in hemoglobin affinity to oxygen cause the oxygen dissociation curve to shift to the right
True
What is the major intracellular buffer for H+ ions in the bloodstream?
Hemoglobin
The majority of bicarbonate is made in the ______________ and is carried in the _____________________.
The majority of bicarbonate is made in the RED BLOOD CELL and is carried in the PLASMA.
Which of the following correctly describes the Haldane Effect?


a) An increase in PCO2 and a decrease in pH encourage hemoglobin deoxygenation
b) An increase in PCO2 and a decrease in pH encourage hemoglobin oxygenation
c) Hemoglobin deoxygenation improves the ability of CO2 to be carried in the blood as bicarbonate
d) Hemoglobin oxygenation improves the ability of CO2 to be carried in the blood as bicarbonate
c. Hemoglobin deoxygenation improves the ability of CO2 to be carried in the blood as bicarbonate
How is the hematocrit determined?
The blood is placed in a tube and centrifuged and the the height of the red blood cells is divided by the total height of the blood and then multiplied by 100%
Deoxygenated blood returns to the ______________ in the vena cava.
Deoxygenated blood returns to the __RIGHT ATRIA__ in the vena cava.
T/F: The heart muscle is not able to obtain either oxygen or nutrients from the blood contained inside the heart chambers
True
This blood vessel controls blood distribution to the microcirculatory beds through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
Arteriole
During this phase of the cardiac cycle, the aortic valve is open and the ventricle is in systole
Ventricular ejection
Which of the following correctly describes the sequence in which the heart muscle depolarizes during a heart beat?

A) AV node, SA node, common bundle, right and left atria, right and left ventricles
B) AV node, right and left atria, SA node, common bundle, right and left ventricle
C) A node, right atria and ventricle, AV node, common bundle, left atria and ventricle
D) SA node, right and left atria, AV node, common bundle, right and left ventricles
D) SA node, right and left atria, AV node, common bundle, right and left ventricles
How does the sympathetic nervous system act on the heart muscle to influence heart rate?
It increases the rate at which the SA node depolarizes, increasing heart rate
What happens to cardiac output during exercise?
It increases and the percentage of cardiac output being delivered to the muscles also increases
Which of the following factors has the greatest influence on the resistance to blood flow through the blood vessels?
Blood vessel diameter
T/F: Compared to systemic circulation, pulmonary circulation has higher pressure, but lower resistance
False
Ventricular systole causes...

A) blood to flow into the ventricles.
B) blood to flow out of the atria
C) the atrioventricular valves to close, and then the semilunar valves to open.
D) the semilunar valves to close, and then the atrioventricular valves to open.
E) pressure to become greater in the aorta and pulmonary trunk than in the ventricles
C) the atrioventricular valves to close, and then the semilunar valves to open.

(HE ch22)
When the pressure in the ventricles becomes lower than the pressure in the atria...

A) the ventricles contract.
B) blood flows into the pulmonary trunk
C) blood flows into the aorta.
D) the atrioventricular valves open
E) the semilunar valves open.
D) the atrioventricular valves open

(HE ch22)
The steps of the cardiac cycle in sequence are...

A) isovolumic contraction, isovolumic relaxation, ejection, passive ventricular filling, active ventricular filling.
B) isovolumic relaxation, isovolumic contraction, ejection, passive ventricular filling, active ventricular filling
C) isovolumic contraction, ejection, isovolumic relaxation, passive ventricular filling, active ventricular filling.
D) isovolumic contraction, ejection, isovolumic relaxation, active ventricular filling, passive ventricular filling.
E) ejection, isovolumic relaxation, passive ventricular filling, isovolumic contraction, active ventricular filling
C) isovolumic contraction, ejection, isovolumic relaxation, passive ventricular filling, active ventricular filling.

(HE ch22)
T/F: The beginning of ventricular systole is when blood flowing back toward the relaxed ventricles causes the semilunar valves to close.
False

(HE ch22)
T/F: The atria never need to contract due to passive ventricular filling.
False

(HE ch22)
Which of the following is not true for ventricular systole?

A) the ventricles contract.
B) the atrioventricular valves close
C) the semilunar valves open
D) the ventricles relax.
E) blood flows through the aorta and the pulmonary trunk
D) the ventricles relax.

{Cardiac Quiz #1}
The semilunar valves close during...

A) ventricular systole
B) ventricular diastole
C) atrial systole
D) atrial diastole
E) both atrial and ventricular systole.
B) ventricular diastole

{Cardiac Quiz #1}
The atrioventricular valves open during...

A) ventricular systole
B) ventricular diastole
C) atrial systole
D) atrial diastole
E) both atrial and ventricular systole.
B) ventricular diastole

{Cardiac Quiz #1}
T/F: Atrial contraction accounts for most of the ventricular filling.
False

{Cardiac Quiz #1}
T/F: The ventricles begin to fill during ventricular diastole.
True

{Cardiac Quiz #1}
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...