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Late Middle Ages TEST

Terms in this set (40)

What was the main cause of the early fourteenth century famines?
A little ice age inducing bad weather with heavy rains
The bubonic Plague originated in
Asia
The Black Death
recurred in severe outbreaks for centuries
Pogroms were
organized massacres against the Jews
the flagellants
were groups that physically punished themselves to win the forgiveness of God.
The persecutions against Jews during the Black Death
reached their worst excesses in German cities
All of the following were reactions to the great plague except
a reduction in the persecution of religious minorities because of the displeasure it caused God.
The devastation of the great plague in the fourteenth century led to
the perception of life as something cheap and passing
Economically, the great plague and the crises of the fourteenth century
raised wages because of a scarcity of labor
The European aristocracy responded to the adversity of the great plague by
seeking to lower wages by legal means, especially for farm laborers.
Post-plague socioeconomic relations between rich and poor in Europe
got much worse as materially threatened nobles began to regard wealthier peasants and their new-found desires for meat and wine with utter
The French government and aristocracy responded to the Jacquerie by
massacring the participants
The English Peasants' Revolt of 1381
was caused by the rising economic expectations of ordinary people.
Merchants and manufacturers responded to the economic tribulations of the fourteenth century by
restricting competition and resisting the demands of the lower classes.
One major issue behind the Hundred Years' War was a claim to the French throne by the English king
Edward III
The crucial battle of the Hundred Years' War that was won by Henry V in 1415 and that led to treaty and apparent victory in the war for Henry and England was the Battle of
Agincourt
One decisive advantage that England had at the beginning of the Hundred Years' War was the
longbow
In the conduct of the Hundred Years' War, a sure sign of feudalism's decline was the
decisive role of peasant foot soldiers rather than mounted knights.
Joan of Arc saved France by inspiring the French soldiers to break the English siege of
Orleans
After helping drive the English from France, Joan of Arc went on to
be burned at the stake as a heretic
During the reign of Edward III of England, the Great Council of the barons
became the House of lords forming a hereditary body of peers in Parliament
France's "first woman of letters was"
Christine de Pizan
Politically, France by the end of the 14th century saw
chaos and civil war as rival noble factions fought for control of the realm.
The Golden Bull of 1356 in Germany
gave 7 electors the power to choose the "king of the Romans"
Politically, Italy and Germany were similar in the 14th century because
both regions failed to develop a centralized monarchical state
The chief ambition of the Venetian city-state in the 14th century was
to create a maritime commercial empire throughout the Mediterranean and Black Seas
The Italian condottieri were
leaders of the mercenary bands, occasionally ruling as military dictators.
Florence was ruled throughout most of the 13th and 14th centuries by the
popolo grasso
The conflict between Pope Boniface VIII and Philip IV of France began when Philip
taxed churchmen without the Church's permission
From 1305 to 1377, the Papacy resided across the French border in the town of
Avignon
One overall result of the Great Schism was to
badly damaged the faith of many Christian believers
The Great Schism arose in 1378 when
the French cardinals elected a second pope.
The 15th century theologian who claimed that reason could not prove spiritual truth was
Occam
The mystic who founded the Modern Devotion movement and led the group known as the Brothers of the Common Life was
Gerard Groote
All of the following are correct about Petrarch except he
wrote sonnets in Latin
What was Boccaccio's most famous work?
the Decameron
Dante's "Divine Comedy"
is considered a synthesis of medieval Christian thought
Among the great influential female religious mystics of the 14th century was
Catherine of Siena
The most revolutionary of 13th and 14th century
clocks
Women benefited from the black death because
there were new employment opportunities
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