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Science Bacteria Quiz

Terms in this set (18)

Anabolism
chemical reactions that make macromolecules
Requires/needs energy for this to happen
Archaebacteria
microorganism that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but radically different in molecular organization. a separate kingdom from Eubacteria
Catabolism
chemical reactions that break down macromolecules (like Fermentation) to produce/give off energy
Eubacteria
name means "true bacteria," found almost everywhere.
Eukaryotes
Living things that have a nucleus and have membrane bound organelles
- all living things that aren't bacteria are in this category (animals, plants, fungi, protists)
Extremophiles
bacteria (usually archaebacteria) that live in extreme environments that are often hot (113 - 252 ºF), at high pressure, and/or salty
Fermentation
a form of metabolism that happens without oxygen present
How bacteria break down lactose using an enzyme called lactase to produce energy for reproduction
Lactic acid is also produced as a waste product
Food Bacteria
Bacteria that can be used to make foods (like chocolate, yogurt, cheese, and sausage)
Bacteria that can cause food poisoning
Homeostasis
ability to keep one's internal environment constant
Example: being able to keep our body at a constant temperature through sweating (to
cool us off) and shivering (to warm us up)
Human bacteria
Bacteria that can cause diseases/illness
Bacteria that help our bodies
Lactose
"milk sugar," a sugar found in milk; a food source for lactic acid bacteria
Macromolecule
a larger molecule that can be broken down into simpler molecules
Example: lactose is a macromolecule that can be broken down into glucose and galactose
Nucleus
a membrane that contains DNA in Eukaryotic cells
pH
a way of measuring the "potential hydrogen" or the potential of a substance to attract hydrogen
The more hydrogen present, the more acidic a substance is
Prokaryote
Living things whose cells don't have a nucleus (or a "kernel" that encloses the DNA) prokaryote literally means "before nut/kernel" (bacteria)
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