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Psych semester 1

Terms in this set (67)

Established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany

Second female APA president, also first female to get Ph.D. In Psychology

Margaret Floy Washburn

William Wundts experiment measured____

The time lag between people's hearing a ball hit a platform and their pressing a telegraph key, Wundt was seeking to measure atoms of the mind

_________ proposed evolutionary psychology also an English naturalist

Pioneered the study of learning, was a Russian psychologist

Who renewed personality theorist, also an Austrian physicist?

20th centuries most influential observer of children

APA's first female president

Psychology began as________,this was until the 1920s

The study of mental life

_____ and ____ dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior from the 1920s to the 19060s

John B Watson and B.F. Skinner

People that believe science is rooted in observation

The view that psychology 1-should be an objective science that 2-studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologist today agree with one but not with two.

Humanistic psychology

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people it used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth.

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Behavior is_____

Anything an organism does any action we can observe and record

Mental processes are______

The internal subjective experiences we infer from behaviors

Nature- Nurture issue

The long-standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's science sees trades and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

The controversy over the relative contributions of biology and experience

Plato assumed that___________

Character and intelligence are largely inherited and that certain ideas are inborn

Aristotle countered Plato by saying that_________

There is nothing in the mind that does not first come in from the external world through the senses

Levels of analysis

The differing complementary views from biological to psychological to social cultural for analyzing any given phenomenon

Biopsychosocial approacg

An integrated approach that incorporates biological psychological and social cultural levels of analysis

Neuroscience perspective focus

How the body and brain enable emotions memories and sensory experiences

Evolutionary perspective focus

How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of ones genes

Behavior genetics perspective focus

How much are genes and our environment influence our individual differences

Psychodynamic perspective focus

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

Behavioral perspective focus

How we learn observable responses

Cognitive perspective focus

How we encode process store and retire information

Social- Cultural perspective focus

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Applied research

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Counseling psychology

A branch of psychology that assist people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being

Clinical psychology

A branch of psychology that studies assesses and treats people with psychological disorders

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

A prominent psychology text was published in 1890. It's author was_______

In the history of psychology a major topic has been the relative in front of nature and nurture. Nature is to nurture as_______

Biology is to experience

The behavioral perspective in psychology emphasizes observable responses and how they are acquired and modified. A behavioral psychologist would be most likely to study________

The effects of school uniforms on classroom behaviors

The tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it (also known as that I knew it all along phenomenon)

Critical thinking

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions rather it examines assumptions discerns hidden values evaluates evidence and assesses conclusions

As scientist psychologist for you series with skepticism humility and curiosity this means that they_____

Persistently asked questions and are willing to adjust ideas that cannot be verified by the research

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

A testable prediction often implied by theory

Operational definition

Statement of the procedures used to define research variables. For example human intelligence may be operationally defined as what intelligence test measures

Repeating the essence of a research study usually with different participants in different situations to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them.

All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study.

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

A measure of the extent to which two factors very together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. The correlation coefficient is the mathematical expression of the relationship, ranging from -1 to +1

Naturalistic observation

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control of the situation

What does a positive correlation indicate?

It indicates a Direct relationship, meaning that two things increase together or decrease together

What does a negative correlation indicate?

It indicates an inverse relationship as one things increases the other decreases

Illusory correlation

The perception of relationship where none exists

In psychology, a good theory implies hypothesis, or predictions that can be tested. One hypothesis I tested, result is typically__________

Confirmation or revision of the theory

Psychologists use various research methods to observe and describe behaviors and mental processes. Which of the following would you use in attempts to predict college grades from high school grades?

Correlational research

You wish to take an accurate pole in a certain country by questioning people who truly represents the countries adult population. Therefore, you need to make sure the people are______

A random sample of the population

Suppose a psychologist finds that more natural childbirth training classes a woman attend, the less pain medication she requires during childbirth. The relationship between the number of training sessions and the amount of pain medication and required a/an

Negative correlation/inverse relationship

Knowing the two events are correlated does not tell us what is the cause and what is the effect. However, it does provide____

A basis for prediction

Some people wrongly perceive that their dreams predict future events. This is an example of a/an

Illusory correlation

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variable) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process(dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors.

Random assignment

Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing pre-existing differences between those assigned to the different groups.

Double- Blind procedure

And experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant/blind about whether the research project participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug evaluation studies

Experimental group

The group in an experiment that is exposed to the treatment, that is, 21 version of the independent variable

Experimental results caused by expectations alone. Any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent

The group in an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the

Independent variable

Experimental factor that is manipulated, the variable whose effect is being studied

dependent variable

The outcome factor, the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable

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