Final

Terms in this set (78)

All cells except animal cells contain a

A phospholipid bilayer and embedded membrane proteins

The plasma membrane contains

This contains the genetic information for eukaryotic cells

Deoxyribonucleic acid

The nucleic acid within genes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes is this

Carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits that leaves of plants through this

Substances that have a pH less than 7 are

Substances that have a pH of greater than 7 are

These work by accepting hydrogen ions to make a solution more basic.

Hydrophilic substances

These types of substances are polar, and therefore soluble in water.

This provides energy for nearly all eukaryotic cells

This serves as the storage polysaccharide of plant cells

This serves as the storage polysaccharide for animal cells.

This is the structural component that makes up plant cell walls.

These are the most energy-dense molecules of significant nutritional importance.

These having at least a single double bond are unsaturated fatty acids.

When enzymes unravel and lose shape they are referred to as this.

The interactions between these of various amino acids contributes to a protein's overall three-dimensional shape.

Tendons and ligaments make up an external network of connective tissue that is composed primarily of the glycoprotein called this

This is the complementary base pair for thymine in the DNA molecule.

Flagella and cilia

These are made of microtubules that help some eukaryotic cells to excel through watery environments.

These types of cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.

These types of cells contain do not contain chloroplasts or a large central vacuole.

This organelle functions in detoxification of drugs within the liver.

Golgi apparatus

This organelle adds phosphate groups to molecules for easier identification.

These are acidic, membranous sacs containing enzymes for degradation processes.

Actin filaments

These interact with muscle proteins to cause muscular contractions.

Intermediate filaments

These hold organelles in place.

Mitotic spindle microtubules

These guide the separation of chromosomes

Integral proteins

These span the entire phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.

This enzyme reduces NAD to NADH and FAD to FADH2 in cellular respiration.

Glucose and oxygen

These are the reactants in cellular respiration

Carbon dioxide and water

These are the products of cellular respiration

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Phosphorylation of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) forms this in cellular respiration.

Transport, mechanical and chemical

Splitting of ATP into ADP and phosphate allows 3 kinds of cellular work, which are...

The enzyme added to pyruvate to form Acetyl CoA when passing through the mitochondrial membrane is this

ATP synthase complex

The only location within the mitochondrial membrane that is freely permeable to hydrogen is the

Substrate-level phosphorylation

The stripping of phosphate from a substrate to form ATP is called

This yields 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH

Oxidative phosphorylation

This yields 28 ATP

The breakdown of one molecule of glucose in aerobic cellular respiration yields this

Lactic acid fermentation

During strenuous exercise, this is the process that causes a buildup of lactate within muscle cells.

The final electron acceptor in photosynthesis is this

Oxidized (loses electrons)

In the reaction for photosynthesis, water undergoes this to become oxygen.

Reduced (gains electrons)

In the reaction for photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is blank to become glucose.

Artificial selection

This is for modification of species through selective breeding.

This man argued that humans would exhaust all of their essential resources.

Wisdom teeth, the appendix, and the tailbone are blank of humans.

Most human olfactory receptor genes are blank as a result of increased ability to perceive differences in smells.

Camouflaging tactic

A stick insect that mimics the branches it lives amongst is a type of blank used to blend into its surroundings

This is a change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a gene pool over a span of generations.

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

A population that is in blank contains all of the following conditions: a very large population, no gene flow between populations, no mutations, random mating, and no natural selection.

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

The sum of allele frequencies for a population that is in this is equal to 1.

Natural selection

This is a process in which individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals that do not have those traits.

Bottleneck effect

This is a reduction in genetic diversity due to catastrophic events, overhunting, and habitat destruction.

Disruptive selection

This is natural selection that favors organisms at both extremes of the phenotypic range.

Intersexual selection

Bower birds of Australia are avid collectors of various objects to build bowers meant to attract mates.

Intrasexual selection

Male orb weaving spiders mutilate their partners' genitalia to prevent her from mating again. This is:

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Supplementing antibiotics to grain-fed cattle, overuse of antibiotics, and overprescribing of antibiotics lead to this

What is the vector for malarial disease?

Sickle-cell disease

Individuals with this in West Africa are more likely to survive and reproduce than those without it.

Sickle-cell disease

Individuals with this are protected against the fatal malaria disease since malaria does not affect red blood cells that are irregular-shaped rather than normal shaped.

The formation of a new species is the process of this

The biological species concept

This defines a species as a group of organisms that have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring.

The morphological species concept

This classifies organisms based on observable, physical traits.

The ecological species concept

This identifies species in terms of their ecological niches.

The phylogenetic species concept

This defines a species as a set of organisms that shares a common ancestor and forms one branch on the tree of life.

Sympatric speciation

Speciation without geographic isolation is called this

Most plant species which possess more than two complete sets of chromosomes are said to be this

4.6 billion years old

Earth is nearly how old?

200,000 years ago

Humans belonging to the species Homo sapiens originated how long ago?

Non-photosynthesizing prokaryotes

The earliest life forms recorded in the geologic record were these recorded about 3.5 billion years ago.

Between each eon of the geologic record, these have occurred, in which there has been entire loss of species.

Blank, the supercontinent formed by joining of landmasses, has joined and split back apart on three different occasions in the geologic record.

Two-part scientific naming system

The scientific name for a species is written using the blank

Molecular systematics

This uses DNA to construct an evolutionary tree.

Two-part scientific naming system

The scientific name for a species is written using the blank

Molecular systematics

This uses DNA to construct an evolutionary tree.

Two-part scientific naming system

The scientific name for a species is written using this

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