H CHP 1 & 2

Terms in this set (54)

the basic reason for the early, prolonged absence of humans in the Western Hemisphere is that North and South America had become detached from

the distinction between the study of humans by archaeologists and the study of humans by historians is often denoted by the

invention of writing

the Paleo-Indians reached the southern tip of South America and completed their expansion into the Western Hemisphere _______ years after they first migrated to the Western Hemisphere

the Wisconsin glaciation created conditions that permitted the creation of

most of the artifacts that have survived from the Paleo-Indian era suggest that the first Americans

specialized in hunting big animals

how did Native American cultures adapt to the extinction of big game

foraging wild plant foods

why did native peoples in California remain hunters and gatherers for hundreds of years after Europeans arrived in the Western Hemisphere

land and ocean had an abundant food supply

the cultures of the Archaic peoples of the Eastern Woodland were shaped by their

forest environment

Archaic cultures in the Southwest adopted agriculture in response to ___________ conditions that made the supply of wild plant food highly reliable

multistory cliff dwellings and pueblos are residential structures associated with the

Anasazi culture

early Woodland Indians obtained food by

at the time of Columbus' arrival in the New World, the population of Native American is prudently estimated to have been

the League of Five Nations, which remained powerful well into the eighteenth century, was formed as a confederation of the _______ tribes for the purposes of war and diplomacy

the greatest similarity among the many tribes that inhabited North America at the dawn of European colonization was that their distinct cultures had developed as adaptations to their

local natural environments

in AD 1492, the empire of the Mexican compassed up to ___________ people and became enriched by redistributing the wealth of those they conquered

the group that held the most exalted position in Mexican society was

the Mexica used an extensive tribute system to redistribute wealth fromthe poor, the common, and the conquered to the rich, the noble, and the

some of the scientific and technological advances that aided European explorers by 1400 included the

astrolabe and the compass

the first European nation to attempt to break the Italian monopoly on trade with the Far East in the fifteenth century was

when Columbus first sighted land in 1492, he believed he had discovered a new route to

India and China

the Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal in 1494 drew an imaginary line down the __________ _________, and that which was set of the line beyond to Spain and that which was east belonged to Portugal

John Cabot was sponsored by the English monarch to search for a "Northwest Passage" to the Indies. Which area did he manage to reach and claim for England?

a sea route to Asia impacted Europe by allowing merchants to charge lower prices for imported

in order to adapt to the demands of lengthy ocean voyages, the Portuguese developed a vessel known as the

who was the first European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope in order to find a sea route from Europe to Asia?

the Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvars Cabral accidentally made landfall on the coast of

Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe left no doubt that America was separated from Asia by an enormous ocean. His voyage convinced Europeans that a westward passage to the East was not a

the Portuguese inaugurated a new phase of plantation labor by staffing the Cape Verde islands with

the transatlantic exchange of goods, people, and ideas between the New World and Europe is referred to as the

Columbian exchange

Hernan Cortes' dominance over Mexico was most significant because it served as a model for future colonization and made Spain the most powerful nation in

how did Malinali provide invaluable assistance to Hernan Cortez

who did Cortes enlist to help defeat the Mexicans in 1521

Indians who resented Mexican rule

the conquistador whose men buried him in the Mississippi River was

Hernando de Soto

which factor helped the Spaniards conquer the Mexicans

who held the largest treasure found in the New World before 1540

when Francisco Vasquez de Coronado ventured into the Southwest and Great Plains of North America, he was searching for

the Seven Cities of Cibola

in the early 1500s, Martin Waldseemuller was among the very first to understand that

there was another continent

during the 1500s, the New World was primarily dominated by ___________ because it had more colonial possessions than other European countries

the gender and number of Spanish settlers in New Spain created a society in which ______ ______ _______ ______ _______ and a class structure emerged with only 1 to 2 percent of the population dominating

Spanish men married Indian women

which Spanish conquistador settled New Mexico in 1598

the distribution of conquered towns, the right to rule the Indians and the land around them, and the right to exact tribute and labor from the Indians was called

a new social class was made up of children who were born in the Spanish New World to parents who had emigrated from Spain, referred to as

children born from a Spanish man and an Indian woman in the Spanish New World would be considered part of which social class

after fifty years of contact with Europeans in the New World 90 percent of the Indians had died primarily from the harshness of colonial policies and diseases inadvertently transmitted by

the first permanent European settlement within what would become the US was

St. Augustine, FL

in 1517, Martin Luther publicized his criticism of the Catholic Church. The theological differences between Luther and the Catholic Church centered on

how salvation could be gained

in the 1500s, the British and French sent explorers into the New World but were unable to sustain

thriving colonies

the government of which country sponsored Christopher Columbus' 1492 exploration

the three most complex Indian civilizations were all of the following except

women had important leadership roles in this Indian group

Europeans learned about silks, spices and medicinal drug when soldiers returned from the _____ and brought back information

the deaths of millions of Indians caused a labor shortage that pushed Spain to purchase

Martin Luther's actions directly led to the

Protestant Reformation

who were the "Indians" that Columbus met at San Salvador

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