Okstate Animal Breeding Final

Terms in this set (70)

True/ False a punnett square is a two dimensional grid used to determine the possible zygotes obtainable from a mating

defined as the male parent

True/false "better sets of genes"=better breeding values

What create the opportunity for an individual to inherit two copies of the same gene

Individuals are characterized by their what?

What refers to the second generation of crosses produced by mating F1 individuals amongst themselves

What are relations between animals due to kinship

pedigree relationships

Inbreeding does what?

Increases homozygosity

What is the relative frequency of a one locus genotype in a population

Genotypic frequency

What is the fundamental unit of inheritance

Gameotogenesis as it occurs in females is termed?

Give two examples of low heritability traits

-Scrotal circumference
-milk production

What is the unique type of cell division in which gametes are formed resulting in each new gamete containing only one member of each chromosome pair

What is the point at which the frequency of an allele becomes 1

What is the ability of animal to breed true, the ability of an animal to produce offspring that are uniform, the ability of an animal to produce offspring whose performance is especially like its own.

Prepotent of prepotency

What is the change in gene frequencies in small populations purely by chance

What type of traits are typically influenced by many genes

Quantitative traits

What area of breeding is concerned with the measurement of data, statistical procedures and computational techniques for predicting breeding values

Genetic prediction

a dependent relationship between genotypes and environments in which the difference in performance between two or more genotypes changes from environment to environment

Genotype X environmental interaction

What type of animal breeders primary product is a commodity for public consumption

Commercial breeders

What is the general goal for a breeding program. A notion of what constitutes the best animal

Breeding objectives

What is a group of the same species that are nearly the same age, and have been cared for equally in the same environment

Contemporary group

What is the worth of an individuals genetic traits to help improve our herd and improve breeding objectives

What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype

What type of traits are influenced by many genes with no one gene having an over-riding influence is usually quantitative and is more challenging to select for that simply inherited traits

Polygenic traits

What is weaning weight in beef cattle an example of

What is a race of animals within a species, usually with a common origin and similar identifying characteristics

What type of traits are complex traits with complex inheritance that are controlled by hundred of genes and include virtually all the performance traits

Quantitative traits

EPD's are an example of what in a sire selection

Risk management

What is an inherited disorder that occurs at or before birth

Congenital defects

What is the part of an individuals genotypic value that is due to independent and therefore transmittable gene effects

What lists accuracy values, genetic predictions, and other useful information about sires in a breed

What is the ability of an individual and its corresponding phenotype and genotype to contribute offspring to the next generation

The horned/polled gene in beef cattle is an example of a ____________ trait

Qualitative, simply inherited trait

What is the branch of genetics concerned with the influences on, measurements of, relationships among, genetic prediction for, and rate of change in, quantitative traits

Quantitative genetics

The reliability that can be placed on the EPD. Value close to 1.0 indicates higher reliability and less possible change. Impacted by the number of progeny and ancestral records included in the analysis.

What is the index value expressed in dollars per head, is the expected average difference in future progeny performance for postweaning and carcass compared to progeny of other sires

What allows for genetic comparison of animals in different herds or flocks. Speeds rate of genetic change by increasing selection intensity by potential to choose from more animals and increasing accuracy of prediction by use of more data

Large scale genetic evaluation

What percentage of genetic change is due to sire selection

EPD's can predict what

Expected differences but not progeny performance

What moves the average EPD of a population away from zero

What permits us to generate EPDs from individual performance records from genetically diverse contemporary groups from different farms and ranches, from different decades and regions

BLUP (Best linear unbiased prediction)

What does BLUP solve for

What is the reliability that is placed on an EPD that is impacted by the number of progeny and ancestral records included in the analysis

Is selection easier for simply inherited traits than for polygenic traits?

Simply inherited

Give an example of a threshold trait

true/false breeding value is the same as genotypic value. The terms can be used interchangeably

Do animal breeders select replacements with the best genotypic value or best breeding value

Best breeding value

Hybrid vigor is a result of?

Since congenital defects are usually inherited as an autosomal recessive, an affected offspring implicates _______

Both parents are potential carriers

What means that the heterozygotes possess more vigor or are more desirable than either of the heterozygotes

What occurs when genes at two different loci interact to affect the expression of a single trait

What is it when you allow some animals to become parents of numerous offspring while preventing some animals from reproducing, and is a major force in changing gene frequency

What is it if a gene expression differs between the sexes of a species

The gene is sex linked

What is the measure of how two traits or values vary together in a population

With breeding methods what do we strive to change of our animals descendants

What is the area of animal breeding concerned with the measurement of data, statistical procedures and computational techniques for predicting breeding values

Genetic prediction

What is a general goal for a breeding program or a notion for what constitutes as the best animal called

Breeding objectives

What is a great evolutionary force fueling genetic change in all living things

Natural selection

What are typically the traits of the most economic importance

polygenic traits

Traits of ____________ heritability require large amounts of data in order to make effective selection decisions

What has the greatest impact on changing genotypic frequencies

how are simply inherited traits are influenced by one gene pair and are typically ________

True/false mating and selection are distinctively different

what is a form of pedigree depicting the flow of genes from ancestors to descendants

Inbreeding results in an increase in what

What is the movement of animals into or out of a population

What is a mating system in which all matings of sires and dams in a population are equally likely

The process that alters DNA to create new alleles

What is the value of an individual as a genetic parent and is due to independent transmittable gene effects

Additive genetic value

YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...

OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR

;