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Programming Final
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Be able to discuss (in detail) two future trend that is presented in chapter 15 of your text. Your answer should include a clear definition of the trend, it's importance to the field of Leisure Services, how the trend will impact programming, and discuss possible program ideas for the trend.
1. Youth development- meeting the needs of children and youth. Focus their program efforts. It includes academic enrichment, leisure activities, health promotion, peer mentoring, life skill building, volunteer/career programs, leadership development, service learning, outreach services, club groups. It is important because it helps you identify youth at risk. (Use our program manual for example)
2. Leisure and self expression- Using leisure rather then work do express themselves. Compensatory leisure will provide opportunities for people to define their self-concept and express themselves. It is important to have because in the work environment today some jobs are repetitive, and boring and individuals may be robbed of their creativity same with children. (Use our program manual for example)
Know and be able to discuss the components of freedom.
-Free time
-Activity
-State of mind
-Symbol of social class
-Leisure as action
-Anti-utilitarian- community engagement
-Holistic
-Perceived freedom
-Intrinsic motivation
-Perceived competence
-Positive affect
Know and be able to discuss the elements in creating leisure experiences.
-Social environment- family reunions, coffee time, fitness centers
-Physical environment- built facilities
-Natural environment- beaches, state parks
Know and be able to discuss characteristics of leisure services.
-Transaction between people
-Services are not tangible
-The customer must be present
-The service cannot be created in advance
-Leisure services are labor intensive
Know the conditions of the leisure experience and the differences between the conditions.
-Perceived freedom-is a state of mind where one freely chooses to perform an activity—any activity—because one "wants to do it".
-Intrinsic motivation-refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards. In other words, the motivation to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual because it is intrinsically rewarding.
-Perceived competence-is a self-perception of an individual in their capabilities and ability to control their environment and situation. It is how skilled and effective a person perceives themselves to be in a particular situation.
-Positive affect-Emotional valence refers to the emotion's consequences, emotion-eliciting circumstances, or subjective feelings or attitudes.
Know and be able to discuss ways that customer driven programs promote quality services.
-Establish programming priorities
-Discover client needs
-Develop products accordingly
-Identify key program providers
-Identify key encounters with clients
-Train for flexibility, but when it doubt set standards and plan for JIT (just in time, always have plan B)
-Ask for help
Identify people who have know knowledge to assist you
Understand the differences between the approaches to providing service.
-Social Planning- task oriented strategy directed toward problem solving
-Community development- process oriented strategy directed toward helping individuals identify problems and assist them with resources to solve the problems
-Social Marketing- Strategy directed toward meeting consumers needs while meeting organizational goals
-Social action- directed toward changing distribution of resources by forcing power structure to change priorities and politics
Know the different historical events for the classical, neo- classical and modern eras.
Classical
-1925- Activities begin to be programmed by age group
-Lee- "Leisure time programs should continue through the entire twelve months of the year
-1927- Nahs- Program activities should be arranged to meet the various demands of groups of different ages....and be selected in light of age, needs and modified to conditions of time, space, climate and leadership"
-1930- Great Depression and the beginning of the social Programming: National service and Relief Programs, Civilian Conservation Corp, Works progress Administration, National Youth Administration
Neo-classical
- Following WW2
-US continues to grow and prosper
-Importance of programming recognized by the government
-Programs provided for all age groups
-Common theme is to provide greatest good for the greatest # of people
-1940-1950- importance of program development recognized
-Emphasis placed on professional literature for instructing programmers in planning and development
-First link between program benefits and program activities
-Michigan State Workshop- The Recreation Program- educators and practitioners collaborate to develop a text on recreation program
Modern era
- 1955- concepts of play being viewed as free, voluntary, spontaneous and equal
-1980s- push to move away from social welfare orientation and move to target marketing
-Beginning of: Privatizing of programs, contracting of services, Cost recovery programming (break even)
-Populate programs appeared in: Wellness and fitness, Older populations, risk and adventure activities, outdoor pursuit, tourism, cultural art
-1990's- return to the importance of youth development and child saving activities
Know the 10 non profit agencies that have impacted military recreation.
YMCA
American Red Cross
Salvation Army
Jewish Welfare Board
National Traveler's Aid
Catholic Community Services
United Services Organization
Camp Adventure
Boys and Girls Club
4-H
Know and be able to discuss the changes in military recreation since 1970.
-Development of MWR with 10,000 members/employees
Management philosophy
Budgeting approach
Personnel qualifications
Family Recreation
Program development
Accountability
Know and be able to discuss the three types of funding the military has as discussed in class
- appropriated funding- guaranteed by the government to pay for specific things
-non-appropriated funds- brought in by sales provided on base (revenue generated for other activities-paying to bowl)
-grants and contracts- writes grants for all materials
Know the eight categories of program formats.
1. competitive
2. drops-ins (known as open rec. or informal rec.)
3. class- structured learning environments
4.Clubs- common interest, bylaws for guidance, members rule the club constitution of operation
5. special events- unusual activity, ex:4th of July
6. workshops/conferences- intensely delivery content in a short period of time, focus on specific topics, small group learning
7. Interest groups- like clubs but less structured and short term
8. outreach- mobile services
Know the 11 areas of programming.
-Art
-Sports
-Aquatics
-Outdoor rec
-Wellness
-Hobbies
-Social recreation
-Volunteer services
-Travel and tourism
-Self improvement and education
-Literary
Understand the differences between compensatory damages, punitive damages, consequential damages.
-Compensatory Damage- compensation for a wrong (repaying them for loss, injury)
-Punitive Damage- punishment for a wrong, never happens again
-Consequential damages- potential for current unforeseen problems that appear later, long-term liability (ex: hip replacement)
Know and be able to discuss the four categories of controlling risk.
-Avoidance-elimination of a activity or program/closing facility
-Modification-lower the chance that a loss will occur, develop safety rules
-Retention- still live our lives (still play golf if it may by lightning outside)- not aware of the risk and don't manage it or the risk has occurred and you change something about it
-Transfer-insurance coverage transferring the risk or loss to another party
Know the three stages in the risk management process and be able to discuss them.
-Identify risks- learn what other org. perceive as risks, review internal procedure, manuals, and legal compliance records, develop and use safety check lists (review OSHA, state pool codes, employee responsibilities, invite individuals to audits-insurance agents, lawyer, risk manager from other org.)
-Evaluate risks- (severity and frequency) identify risk, risk aversion, determine the point at which an org. can tolerate risk, assess probable frequency, assess potential severity of the loss or injury
-Control risk- (the four categories)
What are the benefits of having the three components of risk management
allows an organization to be prepared with potential problems ans how to prevent it from occurring. Reduces the likelihood of a lawsuit and improves the organization position if sued
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