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Rotation 2 Study Guide

Terms in this set (139)

The liver is suspended from the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by the

falciform ligament

fatty infiltration may be seen in all patients except those with

hepatopedal fistula

Sonographic findings of acute hepatitis include

accentuated brightness, more extensive demonstration of portal vein radicles, and overall decreased echogenicity of liver

Budd Chiari syndrome is a rare disorder caused by obstruction if the

Echinococcal cysts have the highest incidence in countries in which

sheep grazing is common

the most common benign tumor of the liver is

cavernous hemangioma

what benign liver tumor has been found in patients with type I glycogen storage disease

Patients who have hepatocellular carcinoma are likely to have had

The most common form of neoplastic involvement of the liver is

The fossae of the right portal vein and gallbladder are found in the

main lobar fissure

In severe hepatocellular destruction, the AST and ALT are

Elevation of alkaline phosphatase is associated with

biliary obstruction

Diminshed vascular structures within the liver parenchyma most likely represent

The falciform ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a parasagittal plane containing the

ligamentum teres

Elevation of serum bilirubin results in

Which of the following should be done to image the near field of the liver

change from sector to a curved array transducer

Typical symptoms a patient may have with an abscess formation include all of the following except

decreased white blood count

Jim McDonald, a sheep farmer, arrives at hospital....

echinococcal cyst

The vascular tumor composed of blood vessel cells with nonspecific sonographic findings is

Dilated intrahepatic bile ducts may be seen with all of the following except

gallstones in the fundus of the gallbladder

hepatocellular diseasaea can be defined as a process that affects

hepatocytes and interferes with liver function

In glycogen storage disease, Type I is most common. This is also known as

Von Gierke's disease

Normal average measurement of the portal vein is

Which of the following is noted in Type I glycogen storage disease

echogenic large liver, hepatic adenomas

All of the following are true about the features most often observed in an extrahepatic mass except

posterior shift of the IVC

All of the following are true about the features most often observed in an intrahepatic mass except

anterior displacement of the right kidney

The most common site for an echinicoccal virus growth is

The amebic abscess may reach the liver through the

What benign liver tumor is located near the free edge of the liver, is solitary, well circumscribed, and is a nonencapsulated multinodular mass

focal nodular hyperplasia

In the pediatric population the most common malignancies include all of the following except

If a patient has chronic choledocolithiasis, all of the following structures are dilated except the

pancreatic duct

The right and left hepatic ducts emerge from the right lobe of the liver in the porta hepatis and unite to form the

common hepatic duct

The diameter of the common hepatic duct is

The hepatic duct is joined by the _______________ to form the ______________

cystic duct; common bile duct

In a 6o yr old adult, the normal common bile duct should not measure more than

The distal duct lies________ with the anterior wall of the IVC

The cystic duct connects the __________ of the gallbladder with the common hepatic duct to form the ____________

A phyrigan cap of the gallbladder is

folding of the fundus

The function of the gallbladder is

reservoir for bile

Hartmann's pouch is formed

when the gallbladder folds on itself at the neck

The bright linear echo within the liver connecting the gallbladder and the right or main portal vein is the

main lobar fissure

An extrahepatic mass compressing the common bile duct can produce an enlarged gallbladder. This sign is known as

Courvoisier's sign

The __________ branch of the hepatic artery can be seen between the common duct and the portal vein as a small circular structure

Classic symptoms of gallbladder disease include all of the following except

Thickening of the gallbladder wall may be caused by all of the following except

adenomyomatosis

The most common sign for carcinoma of the gallbladder is

irregular fungating mass that contains low intensity echoes within the gallbladder

The common bile duct is joined by the main pancreactic duct. Together they open through the ________ into the duodenal wall

ampulla of vater

A fusiform dilation of the common bile duct that causes obstruction is known as

choledochal cyst

Inflammation of the gallbladder is

A condition causing RUQ pain in which small polypoid masses arise from the gallbladder wall is

adenomyomatosis

Gallstone appearance on ultrasound examination is

dependent, mobile, echogenic

Cholelithiasis is characterized on ultrasound as

clean shadow with distinct margins

In the case of a porcelain gallbladder, all of the following facts are true except

dense wall without shadowing

Non-shadowing low amplitude echoes in a dependent gallbladder is most characteristic of

Gallbladder perforation may appear in patients with any of the following diseases except

negative Murphy's Sign

The ultrasound appearance of a gallbladder neoplasm is

wall thickening, wall mass

The physiologic effect of a fatty meal includes all of the following except

decrease of bile flow to the liver

The most common level of obstruction is

Ultrasound findings in a primary neoplasm include all of the following except

The most frequent cause of metastatic disease to the biliary system is

The pancreas is a ____________ gland

retroperitoneal

The pancreas is found behind the __________ omental sac

Which of the following statements is false

the head of the pancreas is superior to the caudate love

The head of the pancreas lies in the

lap of the duodenum

The head of the pancreas is inferior to the

caudate lobe of the liver

The ________ passes through a groove posterior to the pancreatic head

common bile duct

The _____________ is the anterolateral border of the pancreas

gastroduodenal artery

The tail of the pancreas is found

anterior to the left kidney, near the splenic hilum

The primary pancreatic duct is

duct of Wirsung

The duct receives tributaries from lobules at right angles and enters the medial second part of the duodenum with the common bile duct at the

ampulla of Vater

What vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas

superior mesenteric vein

The head of the pancreas, the duodenum, and parts of the stomach are supplied by

gastroduodenal artery

The duct of Santorini is

accessory duct to the pancreas

The normal dimension of the pancreatic head is usually less than

The normal size of the pancreatic duct is less than

the enzyme that is the most sensitive over time in laboratory tests for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is

What is the microscopic collection of cells numbering 1 to 2 million embedded within tissue throughout the gland

islets of langerhans

The splenic vein is considered to be the

medial posterior border of the pancreas

If the celiac axis is well visualized, the sonographer should move the transducer in which direction to image the pancreas

The splenic artery is considered to be the

superior border of the pancreas

The main pancreatic duct joins the ___________ before entering the second part of the duodenum

common bile duct

Clinical signs and symptoms in acute pancreatitis include all of the following except

severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder

A common cause of acute pancreatitis is

The pancreas is reflective in its sonographic appearance because of the multiple

fat between the lobules

What vessel runs posterior to the lower neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process

superior mesenteric vein

The persistence of the dorsal and ventral pancreas with the head encircling the duodenum is called

annular process

A condition that causes increased secretion of abnormal mucus by the exocrine glands is

cystic fibrosis

Gallstones are present in 40 to 60 % of patients with

acute pancreatitis

A common course of enzyme destruction via the pancreas is accumulation in the

On ultrasound, acute pancreatitis may appear

An elderly man with a hx of alcoholism recently diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Now presents with decreased hematocrit and hypotension. Differential diagnosis includes

pancreatic hemorrhage

The spreading process of diffuse inflammatory edema of soft tissues that may proceed to necrosis and suppuration is

The most common cause of acute pancreatitis in children is

A patient who presents with jaundice, weight loss, and a palpable right upper quadrant mass should be evaluated for

adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

A congenital obstruction found in utero as well as in infants is

ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ)

Parapelvic cysts are located in the

The most common solid renal mass found in childhood is

A cause of nonobstructive hydronephrosis is

A sign of transplant rejection is

resistive index (RI) greater than 0.7

Fusion of the lower pole of the kidneys is called a

horseshoe kidney

The most echoenic portion of the kidney is the

A cystlike enlargement of the distal end of the ureter is called

Which of the following describes the sonographic appearance of chronic pyelonephrosis

inability to distinguish the cortex from the medullary regions

A cortical bulge in the lateral border of the kidney is called

A dilated renal pelvis without ureteral dilation is seen in patients with

a UPJ obstruction

Renal failures is most commonly associated with all of the following except

A post transplant perinephric fluid collection can present as all of the following except

A renal sonogram is performed. The finding of hypoechoic areas adjacent to the renal sinus is most consistent with

A baseline renal transplant sonographic examination is performed within _______________ hours after surgery

A common finding in people over the age of 50 is

Dilation of the renal pelvis with thinning of the renal cortex is characteristic of

Renal vein thrombosis may be visualized in patients with

Ureteral jets are not visualized in patients with

The process of disposing of metabolic wastes is called

Urine in the major calyces next passes into the

The kidneys are located in the

retroperitoneal cavity

The left kidney is in contact with the

spleen, pancreas, colon, and jejunum

The right kidney is in contact with the

liver, colon, and adrenal gland

Outside the renal capsule is the

perinephric fat

A triangular shaped lesion on the peripheral border of the kidney most likely represents a

junctional parenchymal defeect

The left renal vein courses

anterior to the aorta

The vessel seen posterior to the IVC on the sagittal scan represents the

right renal artery

Renal sonography is not helpful in evaluating

A potential space located between the liver edge and right kidney is

Morrisons Pouch

RCC commonly invades the IVC via the

Pyonephrosis refers to the presence of

pus in a dilated collected system

An extremely large echogenic renal sinus that appears to engulf the entire renal parenchymal outlined suggests

The differential consideration of pseudohydronephrosis can be made if the

bladder is too full

Which of the following is a benign fatty tumor of the kidney

All except which of the following statements about the kidneys are true

the kidneys are intraperitoneal in location

Hydronephrosis may be best demonstrated sonographically by which of the following patterns

a fluid filled pelvocaliceal collecting system

Adult polycystic disease may be characterized by all except which of the following

the involved kidneys are small and extremely echogenic

Which of the following statements about the kidney is false

the kidneys are rigidly fixed on the abdominal wall

A pelvic kidney has a

normal appearance in an abnormal location

Which of the following disorders does not produce a complex sonographic pattern

congenital simple cyst

The normal bladder wall should be smooth and thin, and measure

Which of the following describes a bladder diverticulum

a herniation of the bladder wall

In the adult, a postvoid residual of less than ______ cc of urine is considered normal

A central cystic region that extends beyond the medial renal border is called

an extrarenal pelvis

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