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Unit 3 Chem

Terms in this set (40)

Quantum Energy Level
Each atom has a set of principle energy levels, the levels are designated by quantum
Orbital
region around an atom where an electron is found
Valence Electrons
electrons in outermost quantum level
Group/Family
one of the main 18 columns on the PTE
Period
a row on the PTE
Alkali Metals
Group 1, excluding hydrogen
Alkaline Earth Metals
group 2,
Halogens
group 17, highly reactive, never in elemental form
Nobel Gases
group 18, not reactive over normal circumstances
Atomic Radius
Distance from nucleus to outer electrons.
Ionization energy
the amount of energy necessary to move one electron from the atom
Electron affinity
energy change occurs when it gains an extra electron,
Electronegativity
an atoms ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond
Planck
father of quantum mechanics, stated energy comes in small bundles called quanta
Bohr
developed orbital model of atoms. used orbital model of atom and quantum energy to explain emission spectrum
De Broglie
developed wave model of atom. electrons have dual nature, tiny particles behave as electromagnetic waves
Schrodinger
developed wave mechanics equation
Heisenburg
uncertainty principle
Pauli
exclusion principle
Hund
hund's rule
Mendeleev
Wrote the periodic law, made first PTE
Heisenburg Uncertainty Principle
It is not possible to simultaneously measure both momentum and position of a moving object
Sublevel letters
s,p,d,f
Pauli exclusion principle
It is not possible for 2 identical particles to occupy the same space within an atom, however 2 electrons with opposite spin can occupy the same orbital
Aufba Principle
An electron will occupy the orbital with the lowest energy level
Hund's Rule
Each equal energy orbital must be filled before the second electron with opposite spin can enter the orbital
Octet Rule
By gaining losing or sharing electrons, elements try to acquire a set of 8 valence electrons
Periodic Law
when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their physical and chemical properties show a periodic pattern
s-orbital
Orbitals-1
electrons in sublevel-2
shape of orbital- sphere
p-orbital
Orbitals-3
electrons in sublevel-6
shape of orbital- dumbell
d-orbital
Orbitals-5
electrons in sublevel-10
shape of orbital- clover
f-orbital
Orbitals-7
electrons in sublevel-14
shape of orbital- complex
orbital energy diagram
electron diagram that goes up
orbital diagram
electron diagram that goes sideways
decreases
as you move across the period the atomic radius____
increase
as you move across the period the ionization energy _____
increase
as you move down the group the atomic radius _____
decrease
as you move down the group the ionization energy ____
smaller
a positively charged ion is _____ than a neutral atom
spectrum
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