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General Bio Chapter 51

Terms in this set (23)

What does the single celled zygote undergo? Why does it do this?
division; to produce an increase in cell numbers and cell size
The process by which cells organize themselves by cell migrations to shape the animal into the intricate pattern of tissues and organs
morphogenesis
Besides going through morphogenesis, what must cells become specialized by?
cell differentiation by becoming biochemically and structurally different to help the animal grow
As the zygote divides, the ovum contributes to what? This happens despite what?
the majority of the zygote cytoplasm; the sperm and egg contributing the same number of chromosomes
A series of rapid mitotic divisions without cell growth until it reaches a 32 cell balls of cells
cleavage
A 32 cell ball of cells
morula
Divisons continue to from what?
the hollow blastula with a cavity
A cavity in the blastula
blastocyst or blastocoel
Cells continue moving and migrating around by what kind of motion to form what?
amoeboid; the gastrula
What is derived from the gastrula
the three germ layers
A three layered embryo including endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
gastrula
What does the endoderm develop into?
the digestive tract and its accessory organs
The outer layer of the gastrula
ectoderm
What does the ectoderm form?
the epidermis, nervous system, and sense organs
The mesoderm develops where? What does it give rise to?
between the ectoderm and endoderm; to skeletal, muscular, circulatory, excretory, and reproductive tissues
The human life cycle extends from ________ to _________.
fertilization to death
Aging results in what;
decreased function of the organ systems;
_____________ changes, ______________ responses, accumulation of _________ in the cells, ___________ of molecular structures, and exposure to _________ radiation and x-radiation have been hypothesized for the fact that despite all our advances in medicine, _________ significant changes in the average age of humans have been made
hormonal; autoimmune; wastes; changes; cosmic little
What is the best explanation for differences among individuals in human longevity
genetic predisposition
All humans are predisposed to _______ because the best strategy for preservation of ongoing human life is to invest the creation and protection of what?
die; the next generation
the removal of preceding generations from populations in order allows for what
increase in resource availability
What are germ line cells responsible for?
the creation of gametes that don't experience aging
Hearts and brains age until they can no longer ________
function
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