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FINAL-- PREVIOUS CHAPTERS

Terms in this set (31)

What is the control group?
A group that does not receive any experimental manipulation so that it can be compared to the treatment group
Define generalize
The likelihood that finding in a given study would be found in another setting or study
Define reliability
the consistency of measurement
Define validity
The degree to which a measure captures what it tends to measure
Define causation
-The act of making something happen
Define diversity
-The ways in which people are similar or different from another
What is similarity-attraction pheonomenon
-The phenomena in human interactions in which the tendency is for individuals to be attracted to similar individuals
-Can explain some of the potentially unfair treatment based on demographic traits
What is person-organization fit
The degree to which a person's values, personality, goals, and other characteristics match those of the organization
What is person-job fit?
The degree to which a person's values, personality, goals, and other characteristics match those of the organization
Define attitude
Our opinions, beliefs, and feeling about aspects of our environment
What are hygiene factors?
-Company policies, supervision and relationships, working conditions, salary, and security
What is extinction (in the workplace)? When is it used?
-The removal of rewards following negative behavior
-Used to decrease the frequency of negative behaviors
What is negative reinforcement? When is it used?
-Involves removal of unpleasant outcomes once desired behavior is demonstrated
-Used to increase the desired behavior
What is job enlargement?
-Refers to expanding tasks performed by employees to add more variety by giving employees several different tasks to be performed
What is job enrichment?
-Job redesign technique that allows workers more control over how they perform their own tasks
-Allows employees to take on more responsibility over their jobs
What is the equation for MPS?
((Skill variety + task identity +task significance) / 3) x autonomy x feedback
What are hindrance stressors?
Stress caused by factors that detract us from our goals and prevent personal growth, such as stress caused by interpersonal conflict
What are challenge stressors?
Demands and circumstances that cause stress but that also promote individual growth, such as high work pressures
What is filtering?
-The distortion or withholding of information to manage a person's reactions
-Prevents members of an organization from getting a complete picture of reality
Define semantics
-The meaning of a word or phrase
Define process loss
Any aspect of group interaction that inhibits group functioning
What are virtual teams?
-Teams in which members are not located in the same physical state
-Some virtual teams are formed by necessity, such as to take advantage of lower labor costs in different countries
What are assumptions?
Taken for granted and they reflect beliefs about human nature and reality
What are artifacts?
Visible, tangible aspects of organizational culture
What is Lewin's change model?
-The assumption is that change will encounter resistance
What are the three steps in Lewin's change model?
1. Unfreezing: making sure that organizational members are ready for and receptive to change
2. Change: executing the planned changes
3. Refreezing: ensuring that change becomes permanent
What is the clan aspect of the CVF?
Internal Focus x Flexibility
-Collaborate
What is the adhocracy aspect of the CVF?
External Focus x Flexibility
-Create
What is the hierarchy aspect of the CVF?
Internal Focus x Stability
-Control
What is the market aspect of the CVF?
External Focus x Stability
What are the 4 types of decision making styles?
-Analytical: high tolerance for ambiguity x task and technical concerns
-Directive: low tolerance for ambiguity x task and technical concerns
-Conceptual: high tolerance for ambiguity x people and social concerns
-Behavioral: low tolerance for ambiguity x people and social concerns
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