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Biology Keystone Unit 1 Vocabulary (Basic Biological Principles)

Terms in this set (29)

cell
basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms
organelle
A structure within a cell that has a specific function
organism
A single form of life; an animal, plant, fungus, protist or bacterium
eukaryote
A type of organism composed of one or more cells that contains a nucleus and specialized organelles
prokaryote
single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus and other specialized organelles
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
macromolecule that encodes the genetic information for living organisms
nucleus
membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that stores DNA and controls and regulates cell activities
extracellular
Located outside a cell
intracellular
Located inside the cell
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
there are two types of this organelle, rough and smooth. it is responsible for making proteins and lipids
chloroplast
organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs
Golgi apparatus
organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for packaging and shipping proteins
mitochondrion/mitochondria
membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells; site of cellular respiration
ribosome
A cell structure that makes proteins
plasma/cell membrane
phospholipid bilayer that surrounds a cell and controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell
chromosomes
A single piece of DNA and proteins that contains genes. humans have 23 pairs
biology
The study of life
Unicellular
Made of a single cell
Multicellular
Made of more than one cell
science
the process of gaining evidence about the natural world through observations and experiments
tissue
a group of cells that work together to perform a similar function
organ system
a group of organs that work together to achieve one function
plastids
group of membrane‐bound organelles found in photosynthetic organisms
species
organisms capable of producing fertile offspring
organ
a structure made of different types of tissues that performs a specific function in the body
system
A set of interacting or interdependent components, real or abstract, that form an integrated whole. An open system is able to interact with its environment. A closed system is isolated from its environment
endosymbiosis
A theory that explains process in which early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes
sexual reproduction
type of reproduction involving two different gametes (i.e., sperm and egg)
asexual reproduction
Type of reproduction that does not involve gametes; offspring are clones of parent
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