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Anatomy Final Muscles

Terms in this set (31)

What is function of anterolateral neck muscles
Flex the head and/or neck
What are main muscles in anterolateral group
Sternocleidomastoid and the three scalenes
What is the sternocleidomastoid muscle
thick muscle that extends from sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process. Contraction of both sternocleidomastiod muscles blexes the neck. Contraction of just one reslts in lateral flexion fo the neck adn rotation of the head to the opposite side
Explain sternoclediomastioid contraction
When both sides contract the head flexes.
When only the left sternocleidomastioid muscle contracts, the head rotates to the right side of the biodt
What are the scalene muscles function
They assist is flexion of the neck as well as elevate the first and second ribs during FORCED inhalation
There are three scalenes: anterior middle and posterior
What are posterior neck muscles and their function when flexed toghether
Left an right splenius captious, splines cervicis, semispinalis capris and longissimus capitis. When they bilaterally contract they extend the neck. Unilateral contraction turns head and neck to the same side
What are the sub occipital muscles
Olbiquus capitis superior and inferior, rectus capitis posterior major and minor.
What do the obliguus muscles do
Turn head to the same side
What do the rectus capitis posterior major and minor do
Extend the head and neck.
What does erector spinae function. What happens when this muscle contracts together or on one side
Maintain posture to help stand erect. During bilateral contraction they extend the vertebral column. If only one side flexes the vertebral column flexes laterally toward that side.
What is the anterolateral wall of abdomen reinforced by and what do they do
The anterolateral wall of the abdomen consist of: the external oblique the internal oblique, transverses abdomens, and rectus abdomnis. These muscles work together to compress and hold the abdominal organs in place
What do muscles that insert on the anterior femur do
They flex the thigh
What are the insertions of psoas major and iliacus and what muscle do they merge in to
The lesser trochanter of the femur> They merge with the iliopsoas
List all muscles that flex the thigh
1. Psoas major
2. Iliacus
3.. Iliopsoas
4. sartorius
5. rectus femoris
What muscles are located in medial compartment of thigh and what is their main function
They all adduct the thigh
Adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis and pectineus-also flex the thigh
Adductor magnus- also extends and laterally rotates the thigh
Obturator externus- this does not adduct the thigh but laterally rotates it
What does obturator externes do
Laterally rotates the thigh, it is located in medial compartment of thigh
What is the Tensor fasciae latae
It is on the lateral thigh and attaches to the Iliotibial tract
The muscle abducts and medially rotates the thigh.
Where does iliotibial band (or track) originate and insert
it originates from the iliac crest to the lateral condyle of the tibia
What are the posterior muscles of the thigh
the three gluteal muscles and hamstring muscle group
Describe the gluteus maximus
It is main extensor of thigh and laterally rotates the thigh
Describe gluteus medius function
It is a powerful abductor of the thigh this muscle also medially rotates the thigh
What is gluteus minimum function
it works to abduct and medially rotate thigh
Explain the quadriceps what is their main movement
Composed of the rectus femoris, this originates on the os coxae , vastus laterals, vastus mediallis and vastus intermedius. They all flex the thigh
What are three muscles of hamstrings and what is their movment
The biceps femoris, the semimembranosus and the semitendinosus
They rotate the leg when the leg is flexed
Describe biceps femoris
It is a two headed muscles that inserts on the lateral side of the leg. This muscle laterally rotates the leg when the lex is flexed
Describe the semimembranousus and semitendonisis
It is deep to semitendinosus and originates on asocial tuberosity and attaches to medial side of leg
The semitendinosus is superficial to semimembranousus and attaches to medial side of leg as well.
Together they medially rotate the leg when the leg is flexed
What muscles make up superficial posterior compartment of leg
Gastracnemius, soleus and plantaris
Describe the gastrocnemius
It has two thigh muscle jellies and a lateral and medial head. This muscle spans both the knee and ankle joints and flexes leg as well as plantar flexes the foot
Describe the soleus
A broad flat muscle deep to gastrocnemius tis muscle plantar flexes the foot
Describe the planters
A weak flexor and plantar flexor of the foot
What is the anterior compartment of leg muscles do
They doors flex the foot and or extendd the toes. The tibialis anterior is the primary doors flexor of the the foot at the ankle
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