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Late Antique

Terms in this set (38)

atrium
forecourt at beginning of architectural complex
transept
intersects nave, creating a T
side aisles
aisles on either side of nave, separated from nave by colonnades
nave
long, central passageway/room. think of fuselage
narthex
separates atrium from nave, parallel to transept
apse
at the head of nave, always faces the east. where the idol is placed
clerestory
windows placed above first level of architecture to allow light into a structure
basilica-plan church
rectangular with atrium, narthex, nave, transept, eastern apse, and lower side-aisles to allow clerestories.
central-plan
basilica plan but centralised. narthex is entrance to circular structure that is the atrium, colonnades/arcades circle around the altar/idol
ex. church of santa costanza 350 CE
tesserae
individual stone/gem in a mosaic
380 CE
roman emperor in constantinople makes christianity official religion of roman empire
432 CE Council of Ephesus
council that determined who exactly the virgin mary is in relation to christianity
lunette
half moon arch covering niche
pendentive
masonry serving as the transition from a square support system to the circular base of a dome.
squinch
a small arch built across the interior angle of two walls
icon
painted on wood, people began to believe they were holy themselves as objects
iconoclasm
754 CE burning of icons. heresy to worship them
Constantine
first holy roman emperor. dabbled in christianity at first but then converted entire empire
dura-europa
outpost in syria made during alexander's rule
christian town that managed to fend off romans and retain culture. town of mixed religions
abandoned 250 CE
house synagogue
260 CE
shows intimate details of how christians and jews lived before christianity was accepted. worshipped in their own home and not in public.
wall-paintings show rare example of jewish art
artistic style was a blend of all types of cultures
st peter
brought christianity to rome, became first pope
arc of constantine
shows dominance of constantine over maxentius, shows conversion to christianity as revelation
old st peter's basilica
320 CE
erected by constantine to celebrate christianity
new breed of architecture invented to fit needs of christian faith
didn't want to build a temple for pagans, instead fashioned building off of lawcourts of rome --> basilicas
panel-paintings like dura-europa
built over catacombs outside rome (wanted to be respectful), believed to be shrine of st peter's burial
cubiculum of leonis
350 CE
everyone buried there since only some could afford grave markings, carved out of tuffa
niches in wall where you would be buried
christian scenes painted on walls
church of santa costanza
350 CE
follows roman tholos (round) tradition
central plan mausoleum
ambulatory vault features scenes of wine-making that fuses iconography of classical roman mythology and christianity
built for constantine's daughter costanza
sarcophagus of junius bassus
350 CE
marble, architectural arcades make 2 registers
iconography --> less focus on realism, wanted to get out info instead
figures are plainly showing christian stories, even if it is in roman style
typology --> trying to figure out religion, old testament stories being translated/compared to new testament stories
santa sabina
430 CE
rome, since constantine made roman capitol at constantinople not much activity in italy
no longer marble, little roman bricks
arcade starting to separate aisle from nave
wooden doors carved, first time a church puts info on exterior
didactic as you enter sacred space
santa maria maggiore
430 CE
rome, mosaic covers triumphal arc over apse
dedicated to virgin mary, mosaic replaces wall painting
mary shown in purple robes (roman royalty iconography)
parting of lot & abraham
mausoleum of galla placidia
430 CE
ravenna, an old etruscan town
galla placidia is royal daughter, married off to gothic royalty
central-plan, imitates greek cross, apse in center
mosaics EVERYWHERE
good shepherd lunette shows christ!
hagia sophia
530 CE
constantinople, rioters trashed it so Justinian revamped it to appease christians
innovative - dome with massive butresses and lunettes, cascading/radiating apses
started using pendentives and new squinches
cascades allow more space for clerestories, amazing amounts of light
blends imperial might with christianity
san vitale
530 CE
ravenna, central-plan mausoleum
arcades distinguish ambulatory, walkway above
roman imperialism still present - jesus in purple robes
justinian mosaic - goths kicked out of ravenna, shows justinian on same level as jesus with robes and halo
comissioned by member of clergy, slight superiority over justinian by being placed right in front of him
empress theodora in same fashion on opposite side of apse
st apollinaire
550 CE
ravenna, more informative art and not naturalistic at all
central-plan
virgin and child with saints and angels
600 CE
icon, somewhat realistic
joshua roll
900 CE
very long painted on scroll, militaristic religious wars
evidence of roman manuscripts
hosios loukas
1000 CE
greece, larger bricks outside central-plan dome
interior covered with gold mosaic
icons alright, christ depicted
no narrative just figural, copies hagia sophia's cascading domes
fills squinches with mosaics, very stylised
harbaville triptych
1000 CE
ivory, used to be pagan but since its valuable they just recarved it to be christian
awkward - roman robes but large christian heads
christ enthrones, mary and john on either side
foldable to allow a kind of 'revelation' as you pray
saints on side doors
virgin of vladimir
1100 CE
icon, distortion of anatomy and colors makes it bizarre and sad
all due to iconoclasm - people were not supposed to like icons enough to worship them, basically turn people off to it all
chora church
1300 CE
anastasis image shows new interest in realism
marks end of byzantine rule due to dawn of renaissance
christ goes to hell due to crucifixion, resurrects himself and goes to heaven
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