english midterm exam review

Terms in this set (39)

noun
person, place, thing, idea
pronoun
replaces noun
verb
shows action or state of being
adjective
describes noun/pronoun
adverb
describes verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs
preposition
shows relationship between nouns and other words
conjunction
joins words
interjection
expressions of emotion
subject
whom/what the sentence is about
predicate
tells what the subject is/what happens
declarative sentence
make a statement - ends with period
interrogative sentence
ask a question - ends with question mark
imperative sentence
give a command/make a request - ends with period or question mark
exclamatory sentence
expresses strong feeling - ends with exclamation point
predicate adjective (PA)
follows linking verb and describes/modifies the subject
predicate nominative (PN)
noun/pronoun that follows LV and identifies, renames, or defines the subject
direct object (DO)
receives the action of the action verb
indirect object (IO)
tells to whom/for whom an action is done (receives the DO)
appositive
noun/pronoun that identifies or renames another noun/pronoun
verbal
look like verbs but act as another part of speech
participles
look like verbs but act like adjectives
present participles
end in -ing
past participles
end in -d, -ed, or irregular forms
gerund
verb form that ends in -ing and acts as a noun
infinitive
verb form that begins with "to" that acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb
misplaced phrases
far away from the word it modifies - meaning is unclear
dangling phrases
when the word(s) a phrase should modify are missing from the sentence
clause
group of words that contain a subject and verb
independent clause
express a compete thought - could stand alone as a sentence
subordinate clause
do not express a complete thought - can't stand alone
adjective clause
subordinate clause used as an adjective to modify a noun/pronoun
essential clause
provides information necessary to understand
nonessential clause
provides information, but meaning is already clear
adverb clause
subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb
noun clause
subordinate clause used as a noun
simple
1 independent clause, no subordinate clauses
compound
2+ independent clauses, no subordinate clauses
complex
1 independent clause, 1+ subordinate clauses
compound complex
2+ independent clauses, 1+ subordinate clauses
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