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Unit 1- elements of music
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Terms in this set (93)
music
periods of sound and silence that are organized to give a desired effect
4 elements of sound
1. pitch
2. duration
3. volume
4. timbre
pitch
the highness or lowness of a given sound (frequency)
frequency (fq)
the number of vibrations per second. higher pitches have a faster __________ and more vibrations per second. lower pitches have a slower ______________ and fewer vibrations per second
interval
the distance or space between any two given pitches
octave
a large interval; it is doubling of the frequency. the 8th letter tone above or below any given note. A-A or Do-Do
half-step
the smallest interval that is used in western music; there are 12 different ___________ within an octave
on piano, the pitch gets higher as we move to the _________
right
on piano, the pitch gets lower as we move to the __________
left
duration
the length of time a particular sound or silence lasts
volume
the loudness or softness of a given sound
dynamics
AKA volume
timbre
(tone color)the way each instrument sounds different. This is why you can tell the difference between a trumpet, flute, piano, etc... when listening to music; general quality of the sound
characteristics of timbre
mellow, rough, bright, brassy
notation
the process of taking the musical terms we have discussed and translating them into written words and symbols that all musicians can recognize
staff
where all musical symbols are recorded; a set of 5 lines and 4 spaces upon which we write music
clef
instruments that produce pitch need this on the staff; a symbol placed at the beginning (left side) of the staff. It is used to help indicate where pitches lie
treble clef
g clef; used to indicate higher pitches and is placed on the left side of the staff; instruments such as the trumpet, violin, and flute use this clef (also guitar, piano, clarinet, french horn, xylophone, saxophone)
bass clef
f clef; is placed at the left side of the staff and is used to indicate low pitches. low pitches instruments such as the double bass, bassoon, and the tuba all use this clef (also baritone, trombone, bass, and piano)
grand staff
created when a treble clef staff and bass clef staff are combined. this is used for keyboard instruments, such as the piano, due to the extensive range of the instrument
ledger lines
used to indicate pitches that lie above or below the staff. can go above, below, or through the center of the note head
notes
symbols that represent various durations of sound (pitch) in music. There are several types. making changes to individual parts of the _______ or adding parts to the ____ will affect the duration of the sound letters A-G
Rests
symbols used to represent various durations of silence; several types of ______, many which have unique design
for every ____ there is a corresponding _____ of equal value
note; rest
ppp (name)
pianississimo
ppp (description)
very, very, soft
pp (name)
pianissimo
pp (description)
very soft
p (name)
piano
p (description)
soft
mp(name)
mezzo piano
mp (description)
moderately soft
mf (name)
mezzo forte
mf (description)
moderately loud
f (name)
forte
f (description)
loud
ff (name)
fortissimo
ff (description)
very loud
fff (name)
fortississimo
fff (description)
very, very, loud
< (name)
crescendo
< (description)
gradually getting louder
> (name)
decrescendo or diminuendo
> (description)
gradually getting softer
4 elements of music
1. melody
2. harmony
3. rhythm
4. form
melody
a series of single pitches of particular duration. also called "a tune". this is the part of the song which most people sing along with. there are 3 types of ______ movement in music
3 types of melodic movement
1. static movement
2. stepwise movement
3. movement by skip/leap
static movement
here an individual pitch is repeated several times before it changes to a new one which in turn repeats several times before changing again
stepwise movement
here pitches move in very small intervals; typically from one line to the next space above or below it. the notes of the melody remain close together
movement by skip/leap
the pitches in the melody move in very large/wide intervals. these tend to be several lines or spaces between each note
harmony
created when a minimum of two or more different pitches are sounded together.
chords
form a basis for most harmony; created when three or more different pitches are sounded together
arpeggio
also known as "broken chord". this is created by playing each pitch of a chord at one time
consonant harmony
harmony chords that sound "traditional", stable, agreeable, good, or nice. the vast majority of music that we listen to predominantly
dissonant harmony
combinations of notes causing instability or tension. often described as sounding bad or disagreeable. most music uses some, but it usually resolves to the other kind
tonality
a system which establishes the dominance of certain pitches and chords around which we write our melody and harmony; relates to how all the other notes relate to that note (what will sound right or wrong)
scale
an arrangement of pitches within an octave following a preset pattern. usually a major or minor. provide the raw materials upon which we build melodies or harmonies
major scale
happy, energetic, etc
minor scale
sad, dreary, depressed, etc.
tonic
home base around which we build the scale
key
AKA tonic
modulation
a shift from one key/scale/tonic to another. often gradual and undetectable. occasionally sudden and disturbing
rhythm
the organization of time in music. made up of beats. the actual durations of long and short notes and rests as measured against beats
beats
units that measure equal length of time and are felt as pulses while the music is playing. some pieces have a strong/clear sense of ______ (i.e. marches), whereas others have a weak sense of _____. some styles of music have no sense of ___ at all
measures
groupings of the beat marked by accents. (heavier/stressed beats). overall this organization creates meter
duple and quadruple meter
placing the accents on every other beat within your grouping
triple meter
grouping the accents every 3 beats; waltzes are an example that is always written in this way
irregular meter
uneven groupings of beats. fives, sevens, eleven. very hard to tap along with since the accents fall at uneven spaces
can meter change within a piece
yes
phrases
measures go together; logical segment of melody; a certain number of measures where you feel a natural break
syncopation
accenting a weak beat or portion of a beat. a disturbance of the expected accented beats
tempo
the speed of the music; how fast or slow the beat passes you by; can be separated into three categories: fast-medium-slow
slow tempo terms:
-largo/lento
-grave
-adagio dolce
largo/lento
very slow
grave
slow and ponderous
adagio dolce
slow and sweet
medium tempo terms:
-moderato
-andante
moderato
moderately paced
andante
moderate speed; walking tempo
fast tempo terms
-allegro
-allegro vivace
-presto
-prestissimo
allegro
fast
allegro vivace
fast and lively
presto
quite fast
prestissimo
as fast as possible
form
the organization of musical ideas; verse, chorus, refrain, bridge, etc. how they are assembled
two ideas contrasting elements in relation to form:
-unity
-variety
unity
like or similar musical ideas
variety
new or different musical ideas
too much unity
often leads to boredom from hearing constant repetition of single musical ideas
too much variety
often leads to confusion or lack of understanding from not having anything familiar
strophic form
one music idea repeated throughout a piece of music. the same melody is used in each stanza although the words may change. this is the most familiar form; hymns, carols, folk tunes, and patriotic songs. AAAAA
rondo/alternating form
one familiar musical idea is repeated on an alternating basis with new musical ideas; opening section should also be the last idea in the piece. ABACA
through composed form
uses no repetition of musical ideas or phrases; salve regina; ABCDE
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