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Progressivism and World War 1

Terms in this set (49)

Progressives
reformers who worked to stop unfair practices by businesses and improve the way grovernment works

, early 1900s; wanted to improve conditions in America: socially, politically, economically; civil rights for African Americans/women, safety in the workplace, better labeling of food and drink, child labor, workmen's compensation, conservation of natural resources

, Coalitions of Democrats and Republicans who believed in that government has been captured by corrupt elites who were using government resources to enrich themselves rather than serve citizens.
Settlement Houses
a welfare agency for needy families, combated juvenile delinquency, and assisted recent immigrants in learning the English language and in becoming citizens. Jane Addams of the Hull House Settlement in Chicago
Social Purity
Susan B Anthony; Drunkeness leads to abuse (physically and mentally) in the home. Women are in poverty because they have to prostitute to feed themselves. Women from all work forces need to gain a voice.
Temperance
moderation in or abstinence from alcohol
Triangle Shirtwaist Company
In 1911 the tragic fire killed 146 people, mostly women because the owner kept the stairway doors locked to prevent theft, following stricter building acts and factory codes, and worker insurance

, A 1911 fire in this company, where over 140 women workers died, led to new laws regulating work hours, working conditions, and fire codes
Muller vs. Oregon
- court limited working hours for women working in laundry shop
- dangerous to reproductive health
- result --> limit jobs that women can have

, a landmark decision in United States Supreme Court history, as it relates to both sex discrimination and labor laws. The case upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health.

, 1908 - Louis D Branders got the Supreme Court to accept laws protecting women against the harmful effects of factory labor

, 1908- Louis Brandeis. Supreme Court accepted constitutionality of laws protecting women workers by presenting evidence of the harmful effects of factory labor on women's weaker bodies. Progressives ironically hailed this.
Theodore Roosevelt
The first progressive President.
-Breaks the mold of post-civil war presidency: is dynamic and active
-Wants to ensure the game (economy) is not rigged in favor of rich
1. "Trust Buster" - Breaks up Western railroad monopoly, Standard Oil, Duke brothers.
2. Support for labor - Anthracite Coal Strike (1902)
-Roosevelt really wants coal --> influences him to step in, not because he favored employees --> but eventually sets the example.
3. Industrial regulation - Reigning in Big Business:
-Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
-Meat Inspection Act (1906)
4. Conservation - John Muir (Preservation) V. Gifford Pinchot (Utilitarian)

, He was not supposed to become President. But as the Vice President under McKinley he became President when McKinley was elected.
Square Deal
Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers

, President Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform; all Americans are entitled to an equal opportinity to succeed

, Progressive concept by Roosevelt that would help capital, labor, and the public. It called for control of corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources. It denounced special treatment for the large capitalists and is the essential element to his trust-busting attitude. This deal embodied the belief that all corporations must serve the general public good.

, Name of TD's programs of reform. Focused on busting trusts, gov't regulation of big biz, fair chance for labor, and environmental conservation
Muckraking
The practice of journalists to expose the inappropriate actions of public officials, government organizations, or corporations.

, Journalism exposing economic, social, and political evils, so named by Theodore Roosevelt for its "raking the muck" of American society.
Anthracite Coal Strike
1902 United Mine Workers of America strike in eastern Pennsylvania which threatened to cause an energy crisis requiring the federal government to intervene on the side of labor (first time)

, 1902 United Mine Workers of America strike in eastern Pennsylvania which threatened to cause an energy crisis. Roosevelt had no authority in the matter, but summoned representatives of both sides to a White House meeting. The president proposed arbitration; the miners accepted the proposal, but the owners declined. Then Roosevelt angrily threatened to send in federal soldiers to take over the mines. After issuing this threat, he turned to J.P. Morgan and secured his services to act as a go-between with the mine operators.

, 1st evidence of TR's reform -over 150,000 miners walked off their jobs demanding higher pay, shorter days and offiicial recognition of their union - result= mine owners agreed to arbitration - was also perceived as having sided with the strikers rather then movement= huge switch from government positions
Elkins Act
(1903) gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to control railroads from giving preferences to certain customers

, The Elkins Act of 1903 was an act passed by Congress against the Railroad industries. It was specifically targeted at the use of rebates. It allowed for heavy fining of companies who used rebates and those who accepted them. It is part of the Progressive Reform movement.
Conservation
...
Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force. U.S. was granted the right to intervene militarily in neighboring countries in cases of "chronic wrong-doing" such as not paying debts or failure to maintain order. This made the U.S. an "international police power."
Panama
...
William Howard Taft
27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.

, (1908-1912), was endorsed by Roosevelt because he pledged to carry on progressive program, then he didn't appoint any Progressives to the Cabinet, actively pursued anti-trust law suits, appoints Richard Ballinger as Secretary of the Interior, Ballinger opposed conservation and favored business interests, Taft fires Gifford Pinchot (head of U.S. forestry), ran for re-election in 1912 but lost to Wilson

, promoted "dollar diplomacy" to expand foreign investments
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