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Ch. 18-3 The cold war at home quiz
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Gravity
Terms in this set (8)
HUAC
House of Un- american activities commitee.
- investigated possible communist influence both inside and outside the US govt.
- subpoenaed 43 witnesses from the hollywood film industry.
Hollywood Ten
Ten "unfriendly" witnesses called to testify but refused. They decided not to cooperate because they believed that the hearings were unconstitutional., because they refused to answer, they were sent to prison.
Blacklist
a list of poeple whom the hollywood executives condemned for having a communist background.
people blacklisted, approx. 500 actors, writers, producers, and directors had their careers ruined because they could no longer work.
Alger Hiss
accused by a former communist spy named Whittaker Chambers for spying for the soviet union.
too many years had passed for govt to charge Hiss with espionage, but a jury convicted him of perjury, for lying about passing the documents and sent him to jail.
-Richard Nixon gained fame for pursuing the charges against Hiss.
- claimed he was innocent and that Chambers forged the document but the soviets cables released by the national security agency proved his guilt.
Ethel and Julius rosenberg
minor activists in the communist party.
denied the charges against them and pleaded the fifth amendment, choosing not to incriminate themselves.
- they claimed they were being persecuted both for being jewish and for holding radical beliefs.
- they were found guilty of espionage and sentenced to death.
Senator Joseph McCarthy
most famous anti-communist activist, a republican from wisconsin.
- claimed to have the names of 57, 81, 205 communists in the state department. (never produced a name)
-charged the democratic party was guilty of "20 years treason" for allowing Communist infiltration into the govt.
- did all his name calling in the senate where he had legal immunity and protected him from being sued for slander.
McCarthyism
attacks on suspected communists.
- refers to the unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without providing evidence.
Why did McCarthyism succeed at first aand then fall out of favor?
First, it succeeded because it fed on the publics fears of foreign influence in the USA, fears that had already been by several highly publicized espionage cases and various govt. hearings on the issue. McCarthy also gave the impression that he was purging the nation of a very dangerous and seemingly very real, communist menace. In addition, the Republican party encouraged McCarthy's attacks because they believed that the attacks would help them win the 1952 presidential election. However, his downfall occured because of the televised hearings where he could be seen bullying witnesses which turned the public against him and his methods. As well as how he never provided proof for his accusations.
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