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physiology of blood cells and haem terms

Terms in this set (31)

where and from what do blood cells originate
bone marrow
pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells
what are the two main lineages
myeloid
lymphoid
myeloid stem cells produce what
erythrocytes
thrombocytes
innate immune cells (neutrophils, macrophates/monocytes, eosinophils, basophils)
lymphoid stem cells produce
t-cells
b-cells
nk-cells
neutrophils, survival and funciton
survive 7-10 hours in circulation before tissue migration
infection defence phagocyte
eosinophils function
against parasites
basophils function
allergic response
monocyte function, differentiation, and survival
spend several days in circulation
differentiate into macrophages once in tissue
phagocytic and scavenging
iron store
anisocytosis
red cells showing more variation in size than normal
poikilocytosis
red cells showing more variation in shape than normal
common poikiolocytoses (6)
spherocytes
irregularly contracted cells
sickle cell (polymerisation of HbS)
target cell (accumulation of haem in the central area of pallor)
elliptocytes
fragments/schistocytes
in what situations do target cells occur (4)
obstructive jaundice, liver disease, haemoglobinopathies, hypospenism
in what situation do elliptocytes occur (2)
hereditary elliptocytosis, iron deficiency
microcytosis
red cell smaller than normal
macrocytosis
red cells larger than normal
different types of macrocytosis (3)
round, oval , polychromatic
hypochromia
normal red cells have a third of them that is pale, hypochromia is a larger area of central pallor
often found with microcytosis
hyperchromia
cells lack central pallor - thicker/abnormal shape
two important types of hyperchromia
spherocytes
irregularly contracted cells
spherocytes occur why?
loss of membrane without appropriate loss of cytoplasms forcing rounding
irregularly contracted cells occur why
usually oxidant damage to the cell membrane and haemoglobin - smaller than normal cells nad lost central pallor
polychromasia
increased blue tinge to the cytoplasm
indicates cell is young - also detected with retic stain (methylene blue)
rouleux
stacks of red cells (like a pile of coins)
alterations in plasma proteins
agglutinates
irregular clumps of red cells
usually due to antibody on the surface
howell-jolly bodies
nuclear remnant in cell
commonest cause is lack of splenic function
-cytosis
too many of a cell type (leucocytosis)
-philia
too many of a cell type (neutrophilia)
-penia
too few of a cell type (thrombocytopenia)
left shift
increase in non-segmented neutrophils (nucleus isn't segmented)
due to neutrophil precursors found in blood
toxic granulation (3 causes)
heavy granulation of neutrophils - infection, inflammation, and tissue necrosis (also pregnancy)
hypersegmented neutorphil
increase in average number of nuclear neutrophil lobes - lack of b12 or folate
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