ENR 25.00 Vocabulary

Terms in this set (60)

herbivores
Eat plants
carnivores
Eat meat
insectivores
Insect eaters
frugivores
fruit eaters
omnivores
Consumers that eat both plants and animals.
Spermivores
seed eaters
Euryphagous
Consumes great varieties of food.
cover
hidden; undercover
Amount of water in animal bodies
most animals bodies 60-80% water
importance of water for animals
blood composition, temp regulation, and nutrient transport
aquatic animal
Reproductive systems with external fertilization are most common in
water salinity types
a) Freshwater - bass, bream, tilapia, bullfrog
b) Saltwater - clam, kuruma shrimp, lobster, oyster
c) Brackish water - blue crab, sea bass, striped mullet, giant tiger shrimp
water temperatures
a) Cold - 38 - 58°F - brown trout, rainbow trout, salmon
b) Warm - 73 - 86°F - channel catfish, largemouth bass, carp
c) Cool - between the cold and warm temperatures - pike, eel, yellow perch
d) Most cold water species cannot survive in water above 68°F.
water movment
a) Varies from rapidly flowing mountain streams to slow-moving rivers and
non-flowing lakes and oceans
b) Non-flowing bodies of water have internal movement caused by temperature
variations and other charge
amphibious animal
can live on land and in the water
water mammal
lives largely in or near water
water bird
I have webbed feet or long legs. I can find my food in water or on land. I eat plants, invertebrates, or fish. What am I?
water fowl
swimming birds that live in water habitats
wading bird
bird that stands in water searching for its food
water reptile
typically spend lives in water, but occasionally leave the water for food or protection
terrestrial animal
animal that lives on the land
forest floor
1. Ground layer of leaves and twigs is a good habitat for insects, rabbits and
other species.
2. Dead trees - habitat for woodpeckers, owls, hawks and wood ducks;
foxes or chipmunks may use the decaying base as a den.
brush
variety of plants that include shrubs trees, vines
edge
location where two habitats meet
game refuges
game refuges are lands set aside for the protection of wildlife species
habitat development and improvement
habitat development and improvement occurs when the habitat is developed and managed for maximum benefit to wildlife.
woodland management
not using woodland for grazing will increase game population
coordination with other resources
a. Managing the wildlife in coordination or harmony with other resources
b. An example is a farmer managing the soil properly to grow crops, leaving some for the wildlife to eat.
hunting regulations
a. Hunting must be managed to control wildlife population.
b. Some procedures are bag limits, hunting seasons and closed seasons.
c. Too much wildlife (overpopulation) can cause too much competition for habitat.
d. Too much harvesting can cause an under-population.
predator control
a. Involves controlling the predators of the game, rather than the game itself.
b. Predators can keep the game healthier.
c. Predators also maintain an improved game population by removing the weak or
handicapped animals.
artificial stocking
a. involves bringing animals into an area
introduction of exotics
b. can involve bringing animals natural to the area or introducing a new species to an area which is called "introduction of exotics"]
population density
refers to the number of game animals in a defined area
carrying capacity
the amount of game for which a given are will provide the essentials for life
Lacey Act of 1900
the first major law affecting wildlife; made it a federal offense to transport illegally taken wildlife across state boundaries
Migratory Bird Act of 1929
provided refuges for migratory birds
Endangered Species Act of 1966
gave the authority of protecting rare and endangered species to the Fish and Wildlife Service.
Actions that have led to wildlife population problems
a.Taking animals faster they can reproduce 1)Fur bearing animals
2) Bison
b. Killing animals because they appeared hostile1)
Bear
2)Wildcat
c.Killing animals because they threatened domestic animals;Example: Red-tailed hawk did not eat many domestic animals anyway
Extinct
a species that no longer common and is in danger of becoming extinct
Endangered
a species that is no longer common and is in danger of becoming extinct
Threatened
a species that faces serious dangers and likely to become endangered
Rare
a species that exists in small numbers
natural extinction
the gradual changes in a species or its environment that lead to extinction
speciation
the natural change of an organism into another species
natural selection
occurs when some species or members of a species survive and others do not.
direct wildlife endangerment
any action against wildlife that endangers it
predator controlled
an example is the killing of wolves that attack livestock
wildlife over exploitation
the taking of excessive amounts of wildlife for food sport
c. sport hunting
indirect endangerment
the unintentional destruction of wildlife habitat or environmental hazards
Endangered Species Conservation Act
1) Passed in 1966; amended in 1969 to protect fish and wildlife worldwide
2) Act called for the protection and conservation of species of native fish known to
be threatened with extinction
3) Amendment dealt with the importation of endangered species in the U.S. from
anywhere in the world.
Threatened and Endangered Species System
1) 2)
Provided by the United States Fisheries and Wildlife Service
Is a summary of the status of all threatened and endangered species worldwide.
Reptile and Amphibian Research and Conservation
a) Work included surveys of many of the 35 species of salamanders that inhabit the Appalachian region.
b) Also included surveying Bog Turtle habitats in the western part of the state
Western Region Bird and Mammal monitoring program
Western Region Bird and Mammal monitoring program is a three-year program to monitor selected birds and mammals in Western North Carolina. Monitoring
determines the current wildlife situation.
North Carolina Partners in Flight
North Carolina Partners in flight does many things, but notably it maintains a
website, training citizens to appreciate and monitor birds, and to identify birds.
Beach Nesting Bird Reproductive Success in North Carolina
a) Because of dramatic declines in levels of general species of beach nesting birds, this project will monitor nesting numbers and determine reproductive success.
b) It provides assistance to people for stabilizing declining beach nesting sites.
NC Wildlife Resources Commission
provides assistance to landowners in
monitoring habitat of bog turtles and salamanders in addition to many other responsibilities.
Migratory Bird Treaty Act
placed all migratory birds under the protection of the federal government.
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act
provided for research to study the needs of wildlife.
Endangered Species Act
provided for the classification of endangered and threatened wildlife.
Conservation Reserve Program
provided for areas of wildlife habitat on farms near cropland.
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