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Chapter 3: Federalism

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Terms in this set (20)

Federal Grants given more or less automatically to sates or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services

Categorical Grants

Federal Grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or "categories", of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions.

Cooperative Federalism

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly.

Dual Federalism

A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies

The final paragraph of Article I, Section 8, of the constitution, which authorizes congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers.

Enumerated Powers

Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the constitution ; for Congress, these powers are listed in Article I, Section 8, and include the power to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes.

A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed

A way of organizing a nation so that two levels(national and state) have formal authority over the same land and people. It is a system of shared power between units of government

Fiscal Federalism

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national governments rations with state and the local governments.

Federal Categorical Grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations

Full Faith and Credit Clause

A clause in Article IV, Section I, of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states.

Gibbons V. Ogden

A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court interpreted very broadly, the clause in Article I, Section 8, of the constitution giving Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity. The commerce clause has been the constitutional basis for much of Congress' regulation of the economy

Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution. The Constitution states that congress has the power to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" the powers enumerated in Article I. Many federal policies are justified on the basis of implied powers.

Intergovernmental Relations

The workings of the federal system - the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments

McCulloch v. Maryland

An 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments. In deciding this case, Chief Justice John Marshall and his colleagues held that Congress had certain implied powers