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health chapter 1 key terms

Terms in this set (31)

infant mortality
the probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of one
health status
an individuals or populations overall health taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors
health
a state of complete physical, social and mental well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
wellbeing
the state of being happy, healthy and contented usually determined through self-assessment
health adjusted life expectancy (HALE'S)
a measure of burden of disease, based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. it is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality
life expectancy
an indication of how long a person can be expected to live. it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change
burden of disease
a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. burden of disease is measured in a unit call DALY ( disability adjusted life years)
prevalence
the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
incidence
the number of new cases of a condition during a given period of time
morbidity
refers to ill-health in an individual and the levels of ill-health in a population or group
mortality
refers to death, often at a population level
under 5 mortality rate
the rate of deaths occurring in children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births
social determinants
aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as poverty, early life experiences, social networks and support
behavioral determinants
actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that impact on health, such as smoking, sexual activity, participation in physical activity and eating patterns
high blood pressure
blood being pumped through the arteries at a harder and faster rate than one that is considered to be normal and healthy. this is also known as hypertension `
cholesterol
a waxy, fat-like substance used by the body to build cell walls. it is either produced in liver or absorbed from animal fats
biological determinants
factors relating to the body that impact health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels
cardiovascular disease
encompasses all diseases and conditions of the heart and blood vessels caused mainly by blood supply to the heart, brain and legs
includes: heart, stroke and vascular disease
type 2 diabetes
a disorder in which a persons body produces insulin in order to metabolize blood sugar but either does not produce enough or their body does not use it effectively
obesity
abnormal or excessive fat accumulation to the extent that a persons health and well being may be adversely affected.
physical environement
the physical surroundings in which we live,work and play. the physical environment includes water, air, workplaces, housing, roads, nature,schools, recreation settings and exposure to hazards.
determinants of health
factors that raise or lower a level of health in a population or individual. determinants of health help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better or worse health than others.
biological, behavioral, physical environment and social
years lost due to disability (YLD)
a measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability (non-fatal)
years of life lost (YLL)
a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death (fatal)
disability adjusted life years (DALY)
a measure of burden of disease. one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness disease or injury
health promotion
activities aimed at improving health and preventing disease by enabling people to increase control over and improve their health
optimal health
the best possible state of an individuals health for their age
chronic diseases
diseases marked by a long duration and frequent recurrence that often progress slowly, especially degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis. also known as communicable diseases
mental dimension of health
state of well being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities can cope with the normal stresses of everyday life can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community
social dimension of health
being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way
physial dimension of health
relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness
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