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Reproduction

Terms in this set (73)

gametes
sex cells
1) production of gametes
2) Fertilization
3) Development and nourishment of a new individual
4) Production of reproductive hormones
Describe the functions of the reproductive system
crossing over
the process where 2 chromatids exchange half of themselves in exchange for half of the other chromatid
zygote
when a sperm cell and an eggcell have joined it is called a ____________________
scrotum
the sac of the male reproductive system which holds the testes
dartos muscle
the smooth muscle that lies beneath the skin and connective tissue in the scrotum which is responsible for the raising and lowering of the scrotum to adjust for temperature change
testes
the oval organs located in the scrotum
seminiferous tubules
the place where sperm cells develop
interstitial cells
cells that surround the seminiferous tubules and release testosterone
spermatogenesis
the formation of sperm cells
during puberty
when does spermatogenesis begin
germ cell
the cell which sperm cells derive from
spermatogonium
the most peripheral germ cell
they divide by both meiosis and mitosis
what is special about the spermatogonium cells
primary spermatocytes
daughter cell of spermatogonium that divides by meiosis and eventually becomes 4 sperm cells
secondary spermatocy
the cells that undergo the second meiotic division
spermatid
the cells which are the result of the second meiotic division
head
the nucleus of a sperm cell is located in the _______________ of the cell
acrosome
a layer on the top of the head of the sperm cell which contains enzymes which are essential for allowing the sperm cell to penetrate the oocyte and initiate fertilization
epididymis
a comma-shaped structure on the posterior side of the testis. The sperm cells continue to mature here
capacitation
final changes in the sperm cell, which occur after ejaculation before fertilization
45
what is the approximate length of the ductus deference
ampulla of the ductus deference
what is the last part of the ductus deference, just prior to the prostate, called
seminal vesicle
a gland located at the ampulla of the ductus deference which produces seminal fluid
ejaculatory duct
the duct that extends from where the ampulla of ductus deference and seminal vesicle join to the prostate
urethra
the duct that extends from the male bladder to the outside of the body
penis
the male organ of copulation and functions in the transfer of sperm cells from the male to the female
erection(#boner)
the process of the penis enlarging and becoming firm
corpora cavernosa
the dorsal erectile tissue of the penis
corpus spongiosum
the third, smaller erectile column of the penis which occupies the ventral portion. It extends the length of the penis and forms the glans penis (head of penis)
prepuce (foreskin)
the loose skin that covers the glans penis
prostate
gland about the size and shape of a walnut. It surrounds the urethra and the two ejaculatory ducts
the bulbourethral glands
mucus secreting glands located ta the base of the penis. This mucus helps lubricate the urethra
semen
a mixture of sperm and secretions from the male reproductive glands
FSH
hormone that bind to the sustentacular cells in the seminiferous tubules and promotes sperm cell development
Puberty
the sequence of events by which a child is transformed into a young adult. The reproductive system matures and assumes its adult functions, and the structural differences between adult males and females become more apparent.
testosterone
the major male hormone secreted by the testes. It is necessary for spermatogenesis and for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics
secondary sexual characteristics
the structural and behavioral changes, other than those in the reproductive system, that develop at puberty and distinguish males from females
emission
the movement of ejaculatory fluids into the sponge urethra
ejaculation
the expulsion of the secretions that have accumulated in the urethra to the exterior
resolution
a phase that occurs after ejaculation when the penis becomes flaccid and the male can not get another erection or achieve ejaculation
infertility
the reduced or diminished fertility. Most common reason in men is low sperm count
ovaries
small organs suspended in the pelvic region of the female by ligaments
mesovarium
folds of the peritoneum, through where the ovarian arteries, veins, and nerves transverse the suspensory ligament and enter the ovary
oocyte
female sex cell
fetal development
when does the formation of female gametes begin
oogonia
the cells from which oocytes develop
prior to birth
when does the first meiotic division occur in female gametes start
primary oocyte
an oocyte that has stopped its meiotic division at prophase 1
Ovulation
the release of an oocyte from an ovary
just before ovulation
when does the first meiotic division of female gametes finish
fertilization
when a sperm cell penetrates the cytoplasm of a secondary oocyte
at fertilization
when does the second meiotic division of female gamete occur
primordial follicle
a primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flat cells, called granulosa cells
zona pellucida
a clear material that is deposited around the primary oocyte
theca
a capsule that forms around the secondary follicle
mature follicle
the secondary follicle continues to enlarge and when the fluidfilled vesicles fuse to form a singe fluid-filled chamber called the antrum, the follicle is called the ___________
uterine tube
a tube that extends from the area of the ovaries to the uterus
ampulla
The part of the fallopian tube where fertilization usually occurs
implantation
when a fertilized oocyte binds onto the uterine wall
cervix
the narrow part of the uterus that is directly inferiorly to it
perimetrium
the outer layer of the uterus that is made from visceral peritoneum
myometrium
the middle layer of the uterus made up of smooth muscle
endometrium
the inner most layer of the uterus made up of simple columnar epithelial cells with underlying connective tissue
hymen
a thin mucus membrane covering the vaginal opening
prepuce
the fold of skin located just superior to the clitoris
mons pubis
where the two major labia connect and form an elevation in the skin. Covered with public hair (unless trimmed #TrimIt)
clinical perineum
the space between the vagina and anus
Mammary glands
Which glads are the organs of milk production
areola
the circular pigmented area surrounding the nipple
after sperm cell unites with the secondary oocyte
When does the second meiotic division of the oocyte occur?
secretory phase
What is the phase between ovulation and start of menses
Proliferative phase
What is the phase between the end of menses ovulation
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