APES Chapter 7

Terms in this set (28)

innovation
The human driven force that constantly increases our food supply and other limiting resources.
demography
The study of human populations and their trends.
immigration
The act of people coming to an area or country.
emigration
The act of people leaving an area or country.
crude birth rate (CBR)
The number of people born in a population per 1,000 people in a set amount of time.
crude death rate (CDR)
The number of people who die in a population per 1,000 people in a set amount of time.
doubling time
The amount of time it takes for a population to have twice its current size.
global population growth rate
(CBR-CDR)/10
national population growth rate
[(CBR+immigration)-(CDR+emigration)]/10
rule of 70
70/growth rate
total fertility rate (TFR)
The average number of offspring per woman in a population.
replacement-level fertility
The average number of offspring women need to have to have the population size be stable.
developed countries
Countries that have relatively high affluence and are industrialized.
developing countries
Countries in which the average income is below 3 USD and aren't very industrialized.
prereproductive mortality
The number of offspring who will die before becoming old enough to reproduce.
life expectancy
How long a person is likely to live.
infant mortality
The number of offspring per 1,000 live births in a population, under the age of one year, who die.
child mortality
The number of offspring per 1,000 live births in a population, under the age of 5 years, who die.
age structure diagram
A diagram that shows how many people are in certain age groups in a population.
population pyramid
An age structure diagram that represents many developing countries in that it progressively gets smaller throughout.
population momentum
The concept that a population's actions will take time to have an impact on the age structure.
net migration rate
The numerical difference between immigration and emigration per 1,000 people in a population.
theory of demographic transition
When a country is pre-industrialized, the population will be relatively stable, but upon industrialization, death rates will drop, while birth rates will stay constant. Eventually, the birth rates will go down and the population will shrink.
family planning
The act of actively making decisions on parenthood by way of birth control.
affluence
wealth
IPAT equation
Impact=Population•Affluence•Technology
urban area
An area that has a population density of at least 386 people per square kilometer.
gross domestic product (GDP)
A country's total economic value based on consumer spending, investments, government spending, and exports minus imports.
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