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Adv U.S. History Unit 4 Vocab

Terms in this set (68)

Neutrality
The state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict
World War I
A war between the allies (Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918. ... a war in which the major nations of the world are involved.
Great Migration
Thousands of African-Americans moving from the south to northern cities.
Espionage Act
Made it illegal to communicate any information that would interfere with U.S. military operations.
Eugene Debs
He was convicted of violating this law
-He gave a speech against army recruiting
-He was sentenced to 10 years in prison
Woodrow Wilson
U.S. President, who led USA into WWI. He proposed the 14 points. One of these points was a proposal to create a League of Nations. (international peacekeeping organization)
Fourteen Points
Fourteen goals of the United States in the peace negotiations after World War I. President Woodrow Wilson announced the Fourteen Points to Congress in early 1918.
League of Nations
An international organization established after World War I under the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. The League, the forerunner of the United Nations, brought about much international cooperation on health, labor problems, refugee affairs, and the like.
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture sale, or transportation of alcohol throughout the U.S.
Prohibition
The prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol, especially in the US between 1920 and 1933.
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote.
Suffrage
The right to vote in political elections.
Communism
A more radical idea that grew out of socialism. There is no private-ownership; all property owned by the government.
Socialism
The economic idea that more people should share in a nation's production and wealth.
-Many laborers around the world were attracted to this idea
Red Scare
The rising fear of communism that was spreading worldwide.
Henry Ford
An American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.
Mass Production
The manufacture of large quantities of standardized products, frequently utilizing assembly line technology.
Automobile
A road vehicle, typically with four wheels, powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor and able to carry a small number of people.
Radio
Communicate or send a message by radio.
Movies
A story or event recorded by a camera as a set of moving images and shown in a theater or on television, a motion picture.
Louis Armstrong (Jazz)
An American trumpeter, composer, singer and occasional actor who was one of the most influential figures in jazz. His career spanned five decades, from the 1920s to the 1960s, and different eras in jazz.
Langston Hughes
American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. He was one of the earliest innovators of the then-new literary art form called jazz poetry.
Harlem Renaissance
An African-American cultural movement of the 1920s and 1930s, centered in Harlem, that celebrated black traditions, the black voice, and black ways of life.
Irving Berlin
Irving Berlin (born Israel Isidore Baline; May 11, 1888 - September 22, 1989) was an American composer and lyricist, widely considered one of the greatest songwriters in American history. His music forms a great part of the Great American Songbook.
Tin Pan Alley
Name given to the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
Overproduction
Production of more of a product, commodity, or substance than is wanted or needed.
Underconsumption
Purchase of goods and services at a level lower than that of their supply.
Stock Market Crash of 1929
A severe downturn in equity prices that occurred in October of 1929 in the United States, and which marked the end of the "Roaring Twenties." The crash of 1929 did not occur in one day, but was spread out over a two-week period beginning in mid-October.
Great Depression
The financial and industrial slump of 1929 and subsequent years.
Dust Bowl
An area of land where vegetation has been lost and soil reduced to dust and eroded, especially as a consequence of drought or unsuitable farming practice
Hoovervilles
A shantytown built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression of the early 1930s.
Franklin Roosevelt
A group of government programs and policies established under President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s; the New Deal was designed to improve conditions for persons suffering in the Great Depression.
New Deal
A group of government programs and policies established under President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s; the New Deal was designed to improve conditions for persons suffering in the Great Depression.
Tennessee Valley Authority
Is a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter on May 18, 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development to the Tennessee Valley.
Wagner Act
This bill was signed into law by President Franklin Roosevelt on July 5, 1935. It established the National Labor Relations Board and addressed relations between unions and employers in the private sector.
Industrial Unionism
A labor union composed of workers in various trades and crafts within one industry.
Social Security Act
A law enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935 to create a system of transfer payments in which younger, working people support older, retired people.
Second New Deal
Is the term used by commentators at the time and historians ever since to characterize the second stage, 1935-36, of the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Elanor Roosevelt
Was the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and a world-renowned advocate of liberal causes in her own right. She became an early hero of the civil rights movement, and was a lifelong advocate for the United Nations.
Huey Long
A Senator from Louisiana who proposed a "Share Our Wealth" program that promised a minimum annual income of $5,000 for every American family which would be paid for by taxing the wealthy. (100% tax on 1 million dollars). Announced his candidacy for president in 1935, but was killed by an assassin Carl Weiss.
"Court Packing Bill"
Was a legislative initiative proposed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to add more justices to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Neutrality Act
Were laws passed in 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1939 to limit U.S. involvement in future wars.
World War II
A war fought from 1939 to 1945 between the Axis powers — Germany, Italy, and Japan — and the Allies, including France and Britain, and later the Soviet Union and the United States.
A. Philip Randolph
Was a leader of the Civil Rights Movement, the American labor movement, and socialist political parties. He organized and led the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the first predominantly African-American labor union.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
32nd President of the United States; elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression and led country during World War II (1882-1945).
Pearl Harbor
On Sunday, December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked the base, and the United States entered World War II the following day.
Internment
Putting a person in prison or other kind of detention, generally in wartime. During World War II, the American government put Japanese-Americans in internment camps, fearing they might be loyal to Japan.
Lend-lease Program
The principal means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign nations during World War II.
Battle of Midway
A naval and air battle fought in World War II in which planes from American aircraft carriers blunted the Japanese naval threat in the Pacific Ocean after Pearl Harbor.
D-Day
The day (June 6, 1944) in World War II on which Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy.
Fall of Berlin
In 1989, the Berlin Wall came down. The fall of the wall marked an end to Soviet influence in the country and allowed for Germany to become reunited
Mobilization
The action of a country or its government preparing and organizing troops for active service.
Rationing
Saving meat, sugar, gas, rubber, metal, etc. to help in the war effort - victory gardens, etc. - the more we save, the more we have to give the troops
War-Time Conversion
Factories stop making cars and begin making tanks, jeeps, planes, etc.
Manhattan Project
The code name for the effort to develop atomic bombs for the United States during World War II. The first controlled nuclear reaction took place in Chicago in 1942, and by 1945, bombs had been manufactured that used this chain reaction to produce great explosive force
Atomic Bomb
A bomb that derives its destructive power from the rapid release of nuclear energy by fission of heavy atomic nuclei, causing damage through heat, blast, and radioactivity
European V Pacific Theater
It was fought between the Axis powers (led by Germany and Japan) and the Allies (led by Great Britain, France and later the United States). Italy was part of the Axis powers at the outset of the war, and the Soviet Union had a non-aggression pact with Germany, but both of these nations eventually joined the Allies
The Pacific Ocean theater, during World War II, was a major theater of the war between the Allies and Japan
Cold War
A state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular
Marshall Plan
It offered all European nations, including the Soviet Union, generous funding to rebuild their economies as long as the money was spent on goods made in the United States. ... They also wanted to open markets for American goods and further boost the economy of the United States
Truman Doctrine
The principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by US President Truman in a speech to Congress seeking aid for Greece and Turkey, the doctrine was seen by the communists as an open declaration of the Cold War
Containment Policy
A United States foreign policy doctrine adopted by the Harry S. Truman administration in 1947, operating on the principle that communist governments will eventually fall apart as long as they are prevented from expanding their influence
Korean War
A war, also called the Korean conflict, fought in the early 1950s between the United Nations, supported by the United States, and the communist Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). The war began in 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea
Senator Joseph McCarthy
(November 14, 1908 - May 2, 1957) was an American politician who was a U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957.
The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence. It also means "the practice of making unfair allegations or using unfair investigative techniques, especially in order to restrict dissent or political criticism
Cuban Revolution
Was an armed rebellion against the military regime of Fulgencio Batista. After a protracted guerrilla war, rebels led by Fidel Castro successfully seized power in 1959, ending U.S. dominance over Cuba's economy
Bay of Pigs
Invasion, 1961, an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles, supported by the U.S. government. On Apr. 17, 1961, an armed force of about 1,500 Cuban exiles landed in the Bahía de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) on the south coast of Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis
A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the "hottest" periods of the cold war
Vietnam War
(1955-75) was a Cold War conflict pitting the U.S. and the remnants of the French colonial government in South Vietnam against the indigenous but communist Vietnamese independence movement, the Viet Minh, following the latter's expulsion of the French in 1954
Tet Offensive
A series of major attacks by communist forces in the Vietnam War. Early in 1968, Vietnamese communist troops seized and briefly held some major cities at the time of the lunar new year, or Tet
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