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Genetics Final Lecture2

Terms in this set (32)

Human genome has how many genes? How many base pairs.
22, 000 genes
6 X 10 to the ninth
60% of all human genes produce more than one mRNA due to what?
alternative splicing
Physical POSITION of a gene on a chromosome.
LOCUS
Alternative forms of a gene that can exist at a given locus.
ALLELE (usually have 2 alleles)
Number of copies of particular gene in genome.
DOSAGE
Normal version of the sequence of allele.
Wild Type
Polymorphism=
many forms
Permanent change in the nucleotide sequence. This is a disease causing gene.
Mutation
Rare allele that is not disease cause. Allele frequency of less then 1% in population.
Rare variant
Noncoding DNA=
Intergenic (between genes)
Intragenic is DNA between ________.
exons
A->T has __ bonds.
2 bonds. C and G have 3
Sequence of DNA required for production of a functional product=
gene
Central Dogma=
Dna-RNA-protein
DNA to RNA=
Transcription
RNA to Protein=
Translation
Genes are transcribed by different RNA polymerases.
Transcription
What polymerase codes mRNA?
II
Acrocentric Chromosomes: p arms contain tandem copies of __________ genes.
rRNA
Translation occurs on ribosomes complexes of rRNA and ribosomal proteins. T/F
True
Translation always initiated at codon specifying _____________
Methionine
The genetic code is degenerate meaning most amino acids are specified by more than ______ codon.
one
If you change the 1st base of the codon it almost always codes and amino acid substitution or ___________ change.

If you change the 2nd base of the codon it ___________ encodes a substitution.

If you change the 3rd base of the codon it sometimes encodes an amino acid substitution.
missense

ALWAYS
Stop codons: ______________ stops when a stop codon is encountered. UGA, UAA, UAG. UGG is not a stop codon
Translation
tRNA= ___________ of the genetic code.
translator
Steps in translation.
1.
2.
3.
initiation
elongation
termination
Flow of genetic information: lower strand (non-coding or ______________) is transcribed.
antisense
Each human chromosome is a single ______ strand.
DNA
DNA is complexed with __________ ( histones and acidic nonhistone proteins) to form chromatin.
proteins
Classes of DNA= Unique = ____% of genome
= _______________, other 50%
50
repetitive
Repetitive DNA has two types.
-
and
-
Dispersed
Satellie
I
...
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