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Carpentry - Roof Framing

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (52)

Backing the hip
Beveling the top edge of a hip rafter to line it up with adjacent roof surfaces.
Bird's mouth
A notch cut in the underside of a rafter to fit on top of the wall plate.
Butterfly roof
An inverted gable roof.
Cheek cut
A compound miter cut on the end of certain roof rafters.
Collar tie
A horizontal member placed close to the ridge at right angles to the plate.
Common rafter
Extends from the wall plate to the ridge board, where its run is perpendicular to the plate.
Cripple jack rafter
A common rafter cut shorter that does not contact either a top plate or a ridge.
Dormer
A structure that projects out from a sloping roof to form another roofed area to provide a surface for the installation of windows.
Dropping the hip
Increasing the depth of the hip rafter seat cut so that the centerline of its top edge will lie in the plane of adjacent roof surfaces.
Fascia
A vertical member of the cornice finish installed on the tail end of rafters.
Gables
The triangular areas formed by the rake rafters and the wall plate at the ends of the building.
Gable end
The triangular-shaped section on the end of a building formed by the rafters in a common or gable roof and the top plate line.
Gable end studs
Studs that form the wall closing in the triangular area under a gable roof.
Gable roof
A type of roof that pitches in two directions.
Gambrel roof
A type of roof that has two slopes of different pitches on each side of center.
Hip jack rafter
A shortened common rafter that spans from the wall plate to a hip rafter.
Hip rafter
Extends diagonally from the corner of the plate to the ridge at the intersection of two surfaces of a hip roof.
Hip roof
A roof that slopes upward toward the ridge from four directions.
Hip-valley cripple jack rafter
A short rafter running parallel to common rafters, cut between hip and valley rafters.
Intersecting roof
The roof of irregular shaped buildings; valleys are formed at the intersection of the roofs.
Jack rafter
Part of a common rafter, shortened for framing a hip rafter, a valley rafter, or both.
Lateral bracing
Temporary or permanent bracing that runs perpendicular to the braced members.
Level line
Any line on the rafter that is horizontal when the rafter is in position.
Line length
The length of a rafter along a measuring line without consideration to the width or thickness of the rafter.
Lookout
Horizontal framing pieces in a cornice, installed to provide fastening for the soffit.
Major span
The width of the larger portion of a building.
Mansard roof
A type of roof that has two different pitches on all sides of the building, with the lower slopes steeper than the upper.
Minor span
Width of the smaller portion of a building with six or eight corners.
Pitch
the amount of slope to a roof expressed as ratio of the total rise to the span.
Plumb line
Any line on the rafter that is vertical when the rafter is in position.
Purlin knee wall
Supporting timbers at which rafters may intersect each other in a gambrel roof.
Rafter tables
Information found printed on the body of a framing square; used to calculate the lengths of various components of a roof system.
Rake
The sloping portion of the gable ends of a building.
Rake rafter
The first and last rafter of a gable roof, usually having a finish or trim applied to it; also called barge or fly rafter.
Ridgeboard
A horizontal member of a roof frame that is placed on edge at the ridge and into which the upper ends of rafters are fastened.
Seat cut
A cut on the rafter that is a combination of a level cut and a plumb cut; also called the bird's mouth.
shed roof
A type of roof that slopes in one direction only.
Shortened valley rafter
A valley rafter that runs from the plate to the supporting valley rafter.
Slope
Term used to indicate the steepness of a roof; stated as unit rise on unit run, e.g., 6 on 12.
Soffit
The underside trim members of a cornice or any such overhanging assembly.
Supporting valley rafter
A rafter that runs from the plate to the ridge of the main roof.
Tail cut
A cut on the extreme lower end of a rafter.
Total rise
The vertical distance that the roof rises from plate to ridge.
Total run
The total horizontal distance over which a rafter slopes.
Total span
The horizontal distance covered by a roof.
Unit length
The length of a stair stringer or rafter per unit of run.
Unit rise
The amount a stair or rafter rises per unit of run.
Unit run
A horizontal distance of a stair tread or horizontal segment of the total run of a rafter.
Valley
The intersection of two roof slopes at interior corners.
Valley cripple jack rafter
A rafter running between two valley rafters.
Valley jack rafter
A rafter running between a valley rafter and the ridge.
Valley rafter
The rafter placed at the intersection of two roof slopes in interior corners.
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