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drs-cell structure and function

Terms in this set (67)

What is the smallest basic unit of life?
Cells are small compartments that hold all of the biological equipment necessary to keep an organism alive and successful on Earth. The cell is the structural unit of life - units smaller than cells are not alive
What is needed to see most cells?
microscope
How many cells make a Unicellular cell?
Unicellular cells are composed of only one cell.
How many cells make multicellular cells?
Multicellular cells are composed of more than one cell.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus or membrane
Prokaryotes
Pro = before; karyon = nucleus
relatively small - 5 to 10 um
lack membrane-bound organelles
earliest cell type
Give an example of a prokarote.
Bacteria
What are eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes
Eu = true; karyon = nucleus
contain membrane-bound organelles
Evolved from prokaryotes by endosymbiotic association of two or more prokaryotes
Include Protists, Fungi, Animals, and Plants
Plant cells are prokaryotes or eukaryotes:
Eukaryotes
Animal cells are prokaryotes or eukaryotes:
Eukaryotes
Where is DNA found inside prokaryotic cells?
nucleus
What 2 structures surround prokaryotic cells?
nucleus region
What organelle, not surrounded by a membrante, is found in prokaryotes and eukarotes?
ribosomes
Name the three basic cell structures in eukaryotes.
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm with organelles
What are organelles?
Organelles are small structures in the cytoplasm that perform specific functions.
What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?
an extinsive membranous network continuous with the outer nuclear membrane.

Rough ER - has ribosomes and is involved in secreted protein synthesis
Smooth ER - lacks ribosomes and is involved in membrane lipid synthesis
What are golgi bodies?
Flattened vesicles in stacks which receive protein from ER
Form secretory vesicles to transport proteins to different parts of the cell (vacuole, lysosome, etc) or for secretion
cis face - "receiving" side of Golgi apparatus
trans face - "shipping" side of Golgi apparatus
What are nucleolus?
Nucleolus - involved in the synthesis and assembly of ribosomes
What are Lysosomes?
Lysosome are found only in animal cells contain enzymes for use in the hydrolytic breakdown of macromolecules
What are ribosomes
Ribosomes make proteins.
Describe the structure of Golgi bodies.
Flattened vesicles in stacks which receive protein from ER
Golgi receive and modify what macromolecule made by the ER.
PROTEIN
What structure pinch off the ends of the "shipping" side of Golgi to carry cell products to their destination?
transport vesicles
Lysosomes contain what type of enzyme?
Digestive enzymes.
What does lysosome digestive enzymes break down?
Digestive enzymes break down food and worn out cell parts.
Explain how lysosomes are programmed for cell death.
Programmed for cell death, lyse and release enzymes to break down and recycle cell parts.
Where is the nucleolus located?
The nucleolus is located inside nucleus (dark spots)
What do nucleoli make?
Ribosomes
What do Ribosomes made for the cell?
Ribosomes make proteins for he ccell.
How does smooth ER differ from rough ER?
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and makes proteins _____ in the cell. Rough ER has robosomes on it' surface and makes proteins to export
Proteins used IN the cell are made by which type ER?
Smooth ER
Proteins to be EXPORTED BY cells are made by which type ER?
rough ER
How does smooth ER differ from rough ER?
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and makes proteins used in the cell. Rough ER has ribosomes on it's surface and makes proteins to export.
Proteins used in the cell are made by which type of ER?
Smooth ER
What organelle serves as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria serves as the powerhouse of the cell.
What important process takes place in the mitochondria?
Cell respiration takes place in the mitochondria.
Which type of cells would have more mitochondria and why?
Active cells like muscles burn sugars to produce energy because of ATP.
What is burned in the mitochondria to release cellular energy?
Sugar, like glucose are burned in the mitochondria to release cellular energy.
What is cellular energy known as?
Cellular energy is known as ATP.
What surrounds the outside of all cells?
The cell membrane surrounds the outside of all cells.
In plant cells, what surrounds the cell membrane for extra support?
The cell wall surrounds the cell membrane for extra support.
What 2 things make up all cell membranes?
Protein and phospholipids make up all cell membranes.
Cell membranes only allow certain materials into and out of the cell so that they are said to be _____________ __________________.
selectively permeable
The cell _________________ is a LIVING layer around cells.
membrane
The cell ___________ in plants is NONLIVING.
wall
Jelly-like material inside the cell membrane is called _______________.
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is where most _____________ __________ of the cell take place.
chemical reactions
Organelles are found ______________ the cell's cytoplasm.
INSIDE
What controls the activities of the cell and contains the cell's DNA?
NUCLEUS.
What surrounds the nucleus?
The nuclear membrane
What control the cell's characteristics?
GENES
Where are genes found?
Genes are found on the chromones inside the nucelus.
Plant cell walls are made of what?
Cellulose fibers
Cellulose fibers are freely _____________
permeable
Cell walls resist the loss of what from the cell?
water
What gives shape and support to the cell?
the cell wall
What large organelle takes up most of the space in a plant cell?
Central vacuole
What is the membrane called that surrounds the cental vacuole in plants?
tonoplast
What is found inside the central vacuole.
cell sap
Cell sap may contain five things:
1. sugar
2. protein
3. minerals
4. wastes
5 pigments
What are three examples of different kinds of plant cells?
onion, epidermal cells, root hair cells, guard cells
Name 2 structures found in plant, but NOT in animal cells.
1. cell wall
2. chloroplast
What do animal cells store their carbohydrate as?
starch and glycogen
Where do animal cells store glucose and glycogen?
in the cytoplasm
What do plant cells store food energy as?
starch
Where is the nucleus in animal cells?
at the nucleus center
Where is the nucleus in plant cells?
nucleus near cell wall
Do animal cells have vacuoles like plant cells? Explain your answer.
A vacuole is a membrane-bound sac that plays roles in intracellular digestion and the release of cellular waste products. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small.

Vacuoles tend to be large in plant cells and play a role in turgor pressure. When a plant is well-watered, water collects in cell vacuoles producing rigidity in the plant. Without sufficient water, pressure in the vacuole is reduced and the plant wilts.
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