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Chapter 3 Cells

Terms in this set (42)

cell
smallest functional unit of life
cell membrane
forms plasma boundary of the cell
cytoplasm
watery intracellular fluid
nucleus
houses the genetic material, command center of cell
organelles
organs within the cell
selectively permeable
only certain substances are can enter or leave because cell membrane is
plasma membrane
regulates exchange with the environment controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
sensitivity
recognizes whats going on around the cell
phospholipids
what the cell is made of
cytoplasm
gel like material in which organelles are suspended
cytoskeleton
framework of protein rods and tubules that form a framework in the cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum
produce cellular material
smooth lipids
produce carbohydrates
rough lipids
produce proteins
ribosomes
site of protein assembly
golgiapparatus
storage and packaging of proteins to be secreted by cell
mitochondria
produces the ATP energy of the cell. The powerhouse
lysosomes
remove damaged organelles and eat up debri in the cell. sometimes destroy the cell itself
perixosomes
membraneous sacs in the liver and kidney cells
microfilaments and microtubules
two types of filaments in the cell
centrioles
aids movement of chromosomes during cell division
flagella
propell a cell through fluid
cilia
produce movement of materials over the cell
vesicle
part of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching off
chromosomes
where DNA is found
passive transport
moves ions or molecules across a cell membrane without the use of any energy by the cell
diffusion
is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentation to an area of lower concentration moves Co2 out of the cell
osmosis
the diffusion of water across a cell membrane
isotonic solution
any solution that has the same concentration of NaCl as a living blood cell
hypertonic solution
greater than .9% NaCl
hypotonic solution
has a NaCl concentration of less than .9%
active transport
materials moved against the concentration gradient and uses energy of ATP molecules
mitosis
cloning of cells. Cell division produces two identical cells
Phases of mitosis
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase
Cancer
33% of people develop some form of this
tumor
tissue mass of abnormal cells
benign
tumor does not spread
malignant
tumor spreads
hyperplasia
uncontrolled cell division
metastasis
cancer has spread throughout the tissue, blood, or lymphatic system and establishes new cells in other parts of the body
cell death
normal part of development
causes of cancer
chemicals, radiation, viruses, carcinogens
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