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Anatomy-The heart

Terms in this set (46)

cardiology
the medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease
mediastinum
the cavity within the thoracic cavity that includes the heart, the trachea, and the esophagus
pericardium
double layered membrane around the heart
epicardium
the outer membrane around the heart which is also the visceral pericardium
myocardium
the heart muscle itself
endocardium
the inner lining of the heart
arteries
vessels that carry blood away from the heart
veins
vessels that carry blood toward the heart
septum
the walls that divides the heart into right and left
sinoatrial node
the pacemaker of the heart
auto-rhythmic
the heartbeat originates in the heart itself
sytole
the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
diastole
the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle
hypertension
high blood pressure
function of valves in the heart
keeps the blood flowing in one direction
what is a heart attack?
blockage or interruption of blood flow to the coronary arteries or heart muscle
what is a stroke?
blood clot in the brain that causes brain to not get supply of blood
4 things that can lead to high blood pressure
- stress
- high cholesterol
- high salt diet
- vasoconstrictors
5 parts of the connection system (location)
- sinoatrial node (wall of right atrium)
- atrioventricular node (floor of the right atrium)
- bundle of his (septum)
- bundle branches (septum)
- parkinje fibers (walls of ventricles)
what makes the "lubb-dubb" sound?
closing and opening of the heart valves
"lubb"
closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
"dub"
closure of pulmonary and aortic valves
Electrocardiogram
P wave
contraction of atria
QRS complex
contraction of ventricles
T wave
repolarization of ventricles
fibrillation
vibration of heart muscle; moves as if it is jello and leads to death soon after
structures of the fetal heart
- ductus arteriosus: between pulmonary artery and aorta
- foramen ovale: between right and left atrium
purpose of fetal heart structures
allows blood to bypass the lungs
bradycardia
abnormally slow heart beat
tachycardia
abnormally fast heart beat
heart murmur
abnormal heart sound caused by leakage of valves
stenosis
narrow opening of heart valve
endocarditis
inflammation of the endocardium
thrombosis
stationary blood clot
embolus
traveling blood clot
myocardial infartion
prolonged lack of blood flow to cardiac muscles (heart attack)
cyanosis
bluish coloring of skin, lips, and nails
congestive heart failure
failure of right/left ventricle or both
symptoms of congestive heart failure
-edema (swelling)
-enlargement of heart
angina pectoris
pain that results from reduction in supply of blood to the heart
ischemia
obstruction of blood supply to any tissue in the body
hypoxia
decrease in oxygen below normal value; lack of oxygen to an area of the body
functions of heart
-pumps blood
-insures one way flow
-separates oxygenated/deoxygenated blood
-maintains healthy blood pressure
effects of aging
-hypertrophy: enlargement of heart
-pulmonary edema: fluid in the lungs
-gradual decrease in heart rate; cardiac output decreases
-malfunction of valves
-arrhythmia: atrophy of conducting cells
-coronary artery disease: build up of plague
treatments of heart attacks
-medication: low dose aspirin, nitroglycerin
-stent: widens coronary blood vessels
-bypass surgery: creating detour around the blocked vessel
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