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Unit 4 history quiz

Terms in this set (67)

Absolute monarchy
Ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people he or she governs
Age of reason
The time period in which reason was applied to government
Balance of power
Distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation (or one ruler) form becoming too strong
Bastille
Fortress in Paris used as a prison and armory; the French Revolution began when Parisians stormed it in 1789
Centralization of power
Power/authority in a given area is centered in one government or ruler
Commonwealth
A word from the English history for a political community founded got for the common good
Congress of Vienna
Assembly of European leaders that met after the Napoleonic era to piece Europe back together; they met from September 1814 to June 1815
Democracy
Government in which the people hold the ruling power
Divine right of rights
Belief that a ruler's authority to rule comes directly from god
English civil war
Civil war that lasted form 1642-1651, that challenged absolutism. Ended the Charles I being executed and Oliver Cromwell established a commonwealth without a king
Glorious revolution
Creation of a new type of government called a Limited monarchy, in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's power
Habeas corpus
Latin for "you [shall] have the body," no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
Legitimacy
The right to rule
Liberalism
A political philosophy based on the ideas of liberty and equality
Meritocracy
A government system in which people can get jobs based on their skills or ability
Napoleonic code
Body of French civil laws introduced in 1804, served as a model for many nations' civil codes
National assembly
An assembly formed by representatives from the Third Estate (common people) of the estates general during the French Revolution
Nationalism
A strong feeling if pride in and devotion to one's country
Natural rights
According to John Locke, the rights we have to life, liberty, and property because we are human
Rationalism
The belief that opinions and actions should be based on knowledge or logic rather than religion or emotion
Reign of terror
Time period during the French Revolution form September 1793 to July 1794 when people in France were arrested for not supporting the revolution and man were executed
Republic
System of government in which officials are chosen by the people to rule on their behalf
Social contract
An agreement by which people gave up their freedom to a government to avoid chaos
Westernization
Adoption of Western or European ideas, technology, and culture
Versailles
Royal French residence and seat of government established by Louis XIV
What event ended the age of absolutism?
French Revolution
What were European rulers attempting to do during the Age of absolutism?
To extend their royal or dynamic control over all aspects of life in the lands they ruled
In France, what was tee absolute monarch's political structure called?
Ancien régene
How did the reformation help cause Absolutism in Europe?
Allowed new faith as an excuse to force authority to become the protesting power against control by the Roman Catholic Church
Why did later absolute monarchs choose not to force their will on their subjects (the people) ?
They didn't think in terms of unlimited power
Middle Ages 400's to 1500's
-Church powerful
-Feudal system
Renaissance/Reformation 1500's
-Challenge church
-Arts and Sciences
Enlightenment 1600-1700's
-Kings powerful
-Age of reason
_______________ of power (___________ has the power)
-Centralization
-King
Rule by ___________ _________ (_____ gives power to _____)
-Divine; Rights
-God; King
What act did the British pass in 1765 and what was the reaction of the colonists
Stamp act; and they were angry
What was one of the most effective ways colonists could protest against the British
Boycotts; committees of correspondence ( social media of the day)
By the time of the DOI, what was the reaction of American colonists
Self governing; already thought of themselve as separate
During the war, about how many colonists remained loyal to Great Britin
20%
What was pretty revolutionary about the American Revolution
Removed a monarchy and a new system
What two themes were central to the revolution
property rights; equality
What was the Enlightenment
Humans ability to understand through reason; celebration of reason
Proclamation of 1763
What did this law require colonists to do?
How did some colonists protest this law?
How did the British government react to those protests?
For and Against?
-Not to cross the Appalachian Mountains (not to settle west)
-Colonists argued in letters and articles that it was tyranny, an unjust use of government power
-They sent move troops to America
-F: Not starting conflict with the Native Americans and French
-A: They wanted land
Stamp act 1765
What did this law require colonists to do?
How did some colonists protest this law?
How did the British government react to those protests?
For and Against?
-Colonists had to buy a stamp for any paper they used, including newspapers and cards
-Boycotts British products; Tar and feathers on tax collectors
-Repeated the Stamp act
-F: Government needs money
-A: Taxation without representation
Quartering act 1765
What did this law require colonists to do?
How did some colonists protest this law?
How did the British government react to those protests?
For and Against?
-Colonists had to house British soldiers
-Refused
- War
-F: The soldiers are here to protect the colonies from foreign attack, so colonists should help pay for them!
-A: Invasion of privacy
Who drafted the DOI and what was his main job in writing this document
-Thomas Jefferson
-A list of grievances
Who were the king and queen of France at the time of the French Revolution
Louis XIV and Marie Antoinette (Austria)
What are the causes of the French Revolution
-Resentment of royal absolutism
-Resentment of seigneurial system (peasants; wage earners
-Rise of enlightenment ideals
-National debt, excessive taxation
-Food scarcity
In what ways did the Philosophers influence the middle class, nobility, and the working class
The people absorbed the ideology of quality and freedom of the individual --> Revolution
Describe why France's system of taxation led to a revot
The lower class had to pay taxes, and were upset at the inequality
Why was France bankrupt
-War (17 years war, American revolution)
-Excessive spending Versailles
-Buying titles
How did the American and food scarcity lead to the French Revolution
France spent so much on the American Rev. that could have fed 7 million people for a year
What does Enlightenment teach people (video)
To think things out for themselves and not to believe what they're told and to not trust authority
Maximillian Robespierre and how did he fuel the revolution and his nickname?
-Skilled young lawyer/ politician then public speaker for enlightenment
-voice of the revolution
How did the American Revolution affect France?
France was bankrupted from the war
What was done to Bastille
Stormed for ammunition, torn down brick by brick
What happens when the mob storms Versailles
they tried to find Marie, they kill the guards, and Bastille falls
What happens to Louis and Marie when they flee
They get caught and arrested on their way to Austria
Jean-Paul Marat
A "professional malcontent" a former doctor who vented his anger into writing a newspaper about the resolution
What happens on August 10, 1792
An average citizen who doesn't agree with Marat, murders Marat in his home---> beheaded
What happens to Robespierre
he gets arrested for treason but attempts suicide and fails to kill himself hits his jaw
Long term affects of the french revolution
Inspiration to other revolutions, spread realization that monarchs aren't of democracy, asks "Do people have the right necessary. To use violence to overturn a corrupt government
Who revolted against Louis XIV
French people
The absolute monarch of France
Louis XIV Guillotine
The queen of France
Marie Antoinette Guillotine
The representative of the people
Robespierre Guillotine
The newspaper writer
Jean-Paul Marat Stabbed
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