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APES: Chapter 2- Conservation and Preservation

Terms in this set (50)

Frontier Atitude
A desire to conquer and exploit nature as quickly as possible
The Population Bomb
Book published by Paul Ehrlich about the damage occurring to Earth because of overpopulation/depletion of essential resources
NEPA
National Environmental Policy Act, provides basis fro EIS to go with every federal recommendation/ proposal for legislation
EIS
Environmental impact statements, MUST INCLUDE: Nature of proposal, environmental impacts and alternatives
Natural Captial
All of Earth's resources and processes that sustain loving organisms including humans, minerals, forest, solids, ground water, clean air, wildlife, fisheries
Source
Part of natural environment from which materials move (forest)
Sink
Part of natural environment that receives an input of materials (dump)
Environmental Protection Act (EPA)
Galvanized by publicized ecological disasters and overwhelming public support for Earth Day
Gross National Product
Harmful side effects born by people from consumption and production, external cost (full cost pricing)
Marginal Cost of Pollution
Added cost for present/ future members of society of an additional unit of pollution
Marginal Cost of abatement
The added cost for all present and future members of society of reducing one unit of a given type of pollution
Pollution Control
command and control regulations/ incentive based regulation
Command Control VS incentive based
Command + Control: Issuing permits to company owners about amount of pollution they can emit, emission reduction credits (ERC's) which can be traded (aka Cap Based Trading)
Incentive based: Give bonus to a company for creating less pollution, even a tax break
Deep Ecology (Biocentric)
An understanding of our place in the world based on harmony with nature/respect for life, belief that humans and all other species have an equal worth
Western Worldview (Frontier)
An understanding of our place in the world based on human superiority and dominance over nature-unrestricted use of resources
Reclamation
Putting material back in as little harm as possible
Restoration
Returning degraded environments as close as possible back to its former state
Remediation
cleaning up a polluted area (Chemical spill)
Preservation
Setting aside undisturbed areas/ maintaining them/protecting them
Conservation
Sensible and careful management of natural resources
Mitigation
trade off, 100 acres of development means 100 acres restored
Ecosystem Services
Things the environment gives us (EX: Sun, oxygen, bees pollinating)
John James Audubon
Drew portraits of nature to arouse interest in it's beauty
Henry David Thoreau
Wrote about how people could harmoniously live with their environment
Theodore Roosevelt
...
John Muir
A biocentric preservationist (a person who believes in protecting nature because all forms of life deserve respect and consideration) who founded the Sierra Club (a national conservation organization that is still active on a range of environmental issues).
Franklin Roosevelt
...
Rachel Carson
Marine Biologist who wrote "Silent Spring" to warn against the use of pesticides. Heightened public concern about the environment.
George Perkins Marsh
Wrote a book "Man and Nature" which was the first to describe humans as agents of change in the natural world
Aldo Leopold
Wildlife biologist and environmentalist who wrote a textbook "Game Management", he supported taxes on ammunition and guns that would go towards wildlife management and research. Also wrote almanac "A Sand County Almanac" in which he wrote about the freedom to preserve the environment.
Wallace Stegner
Wrote book "Wilderness Essay", influenced by Aldo, which helped generate support for the Wilderness Act of 1964
Paul Enrlich
Ecologist who wrote about the population bomb when it was only 3.5 billion.
Dennis Hayes
Influenced by Gaylord Nelson to hold first Earth Day in 1970 (Think Globally, Act Locally)
UN environment program/ International seminar
Counter environmental degradation
Full cost accounting
The process of evaluating and presenting to decision makers the relative benefits and costs of many alternatives.
External Cost
the price of environmental damage taken into account
Clean Air/Water Acts
made pollution abatements unduly expensive
Old Growth Forests
Forests that have never been logged
American Forestry Association
Group of public minded citizens came together to influence public opinion against the wholesale destruction of America's forests
The general revision act (1891)
Gave the president power to establish forest reserves on public, federally owned, land. Harrison, Roosevelt and Cleveland used this act.
Gifford Pinchot
Appointed by Roosevelt as head of the US Forest Service, believed in sustainably chopping down forests.
Utilitarian Conservationists
A person who values natural resources because of their usefulness for practical purposes but uses them sensibly and carefully.
Yellowstone National Park (1872)
first national park, established by congress
Antiquities Act
Authorized the president to set aside land as national monument sites
National Parks Service
Employed in 1916 to protect parks and monuments for the public; there are currently 58 parks and 73 monuments in the United States
Soil Conservation Act
Created by FDR to protect the nation's soil following Great American Dust Bowl
Resource Degradation
Overuse of sources pollution, overuse of sinks
Black Triangle
Most polluted area in the world b/t East Germany, Czech Republic and South West Poland from communism
Ethics
the branch of philosophy derived through the logical application of human values
Environmental Ethics
A field of applied ethics that considers the moral basis of environmental responsibility and how far the responsibility extends
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